ReviewSeminars in respiratory and critical care medicine2016
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection and Host Defense in the Lungs.
Review in Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 17 citations in OpenAlex.
- History of tuberculosis is associated with lower exhaled nitric oxide levels in HIV-infected children.AIDS (London, England) · 2019Trial
- Pulmonary Immune Cell Landscape Altered by Exposure to HIV,International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Survival outcomes and influencing factors in Zhengzhou HIV/AIDS patients following antiretroviral therapy initiation (2014-2024): a retrospective cohort analysis.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Sputum scarcity among adolescents and adults with presumptive tuberculosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2025Article
- Circadian-Coupled Genes Expression and Regulation in HIV-Associated Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) and Lung Comorbidities.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Immunocompromised Host Pneumonia: Definitions and Diagnostic Criteria: An Official American Thoracic Society Workshop Report.Annals of the American Thoracic Society · 2023Article
- Review
- Immunogenic and reactogenic efficacy of Covaxin and Covishield: a comparative review.Immunologic research · 2022Review
- Impaired differentiation of small airway basal stem/progenitor cells in people living with HIV.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- HIV induces airway basal progenitor cells to adopt an inflammatory phenotype.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- T cell-tropic HIV efficiently infects alveolar macrophages through contact with infected CD4+ T cells.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Tuberculosis Exacerbates HIV-1 Infection through IL-10/STAT3-Dependent Tunneling Nanotube Formation in Macrophages.Cell reports · 2019Article
- HIV-related proteins prolong macrophage survival through induction of Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1.Scientific reports · 2017Article
- Severe Cytomegalovirus Reactivation in Patient with Low-Grade Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma after Standard Chemotherapy.Case reports in hematology · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Immunosuppression associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection impacts all components of host defense against pulmonary infection. Cells within the lung have altered immune function and are important reservoirs for HIV infection. The host immune response to infected lung cells further compromises responses to a secondary pathogenic insult. In the upper respiratory tract, mucociliary function is impaired and there are decreased levels of salivary immunoglobulin A. Host defenses in the lower respiratory tract are controlled by alveolar macrophages, lymphocytes, and polymorphonuclear leukocytes. As HIV infection progresses, lung CD4 T cells are reduced in number causing a lack of activation signals from CD4 T cells and impaired defense by macrophages. CD8 T cells, on the other hand, are increased in number and cause lymphocytic alveolitis. Specific antibody responses by B-lymphocytes are decreased and opsonization of microorganisms is impaired. These observed defects in host defense of the respiratory tract explain the susceptibility of HIV-infected persons for oropharyngeal candidiasis, bacterial pneumonia, Pneumocystis pneumonia, and other opportunistic infections.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.