ArticleCellular and molecular gastroenterology and hepatology2016
Environmental Enteric Dysfunction Includes a Broad Spectrum of Inflammatory Responses and Epithelial Repair Processes.
Article in Cellular and molecular gastroenterology and hepatology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 50 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
50 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 68 citations in OpenAlex.
- Environmental enteric dysfunction pathways and child stunting: A systematic review.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2018Pooled it
- Egg supplementation for 24 weeks does not improve linear growth or reduce small intestinal permeability in Sierra Leonean children with moderate wasting: a randomized, blinded, controlled trial.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2025Trial
- Effect of a Homestead Food Production and Food Hygiene Intervention on Biomarkers of Environmental Enteric Dysfunction in Children Younger Than 24 Months in Rural Bangladesh: A Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2023Trial
- Tryptophan, glutamine, leucine, and micronutrient supplementation improves environmental enteropathy in Zambian adults: a randomized controlled trial.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2019Trial
- Rice bran supplementation modulates growth, microbiota and metabolome in weaning infants: a clinical trial in Nicaragua and Mali.Scientific reports · 2019Trial
- Complementary feeding with cowpea reduces growth faltering in rural Malawian infants: a blind, randomized controlled clinical trial.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2017Trial
- Trial
- From pantry to physiology: A narrative review linking food insecurity to biological dysfunction.Dialogues in health · 2026Review
- Article
- Review
- Gut microbiota and childhood malnutrition: Understanding the link and exploring therapeutic interventions.Engineering in life sciences · 2024Review
- A Model-BasedThe Journal of nutrition · 2024Article
- Paracellular permeability and tight junction regulation in gut health and disease.Nature reviews. Gastroenterology & hepatology · 2023Review
- Quantitative Morphometry and Machine Learning Model to Explore Duodenal and Rectal Mucosal Tissue of Children with Environmental Enteric Dysfunction.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2023Article
- Intestinal Epithelial Digestive, Transport, and Barrier Protein Expression Is Increased in Environmental Enteric Dysfunction.Laboratory investigation; a journal of technical methods and pathology · 2023Article
- Stool biomarkers as measures of enteric pathogen infection in infants from Addis Ababa informal settlements.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2023Article
- Article
- Building better barriers: how nutrition and undernutrition impact pediatric intestinal health.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Nutritional deficiency in an intestine-on-a-chip recapitulates injury hallmarks associated with environmental enteric dysfunction.Nature biomedical engineering · 2022Article
- Single-cell profiling of environmental enteropathy reveals signatures of epithelial remodeling and immune activation.Science translational medicine · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
BACKGROUND &
aimsEnvironmental enteric dysfunction (EED), a chronic diffuse inflammation of the small intestine, is associated with stunting in children in the developing world. The pathobiology of EED is poorly understood because of the lack of a method to elucidate the host response. This study tested a novel microarray method to overcome limitation of RNA sequencing to interrogate the host transcriptome in feces in Malawian children with EED.
methodsIn 259 children, EED was measured by lactulose permeability (%L). After isolating low copy numbers of host messenger RNA, the transcriptome was reliably and reproducibly profiled, validated by polymerase chain reaction. Messenger RNA copy number then was correlated with %L and differential expression in EED. The transcripts identified were mapped to biological pathways and processes. The children studied had a range of %L values, consistent with a spectrum of EED from none to severe.
resultsWe identified 12 transcripts associated with the severity of EED, including chemokines that stimulate T-cell proliferation, Fc fragments of multiple immunoglobulin families, interferon-induced proteins, activators of neutrophils and B cells, and mediators that dampen cellular responses to hormones. EED-associated transcripts mapped to pathways related to cell adhesion, and responses to a broad spectrum of viral, bacterial, and parasitic microbes. Several mucins, regulatory factors, and protein kinases associated with the maintenance of the mucous layer were expressed less in children with EED than in normal children.
conclusionsEED represents the activation of diverse elements of the immune system and is associated with widespread intestinal barrier disruption. Differentially expressed transcripts, appropriately enumerated, should be explored as potential biomarkers.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.