ArticleCancer medicine2016
History of chickenpox in glioma risk: a report from the glioma international case-control study (GICC).
Article in Cancer medicine, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 68 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prevalence of human cytomegalovirus in glioblastoma multiforme: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of neuro-oncology · 2025Pooled it
- Beyond oncogenesis: the unexplored benefits of viruses in cancer immunity.Nature reviews. Cancer · 2026Review
- Epstein-Barr Virus in Brain Cancer-Friend or Foe?International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Glancing at the role of Toxoplasma gondii in neuro-oncology: from risk factor to therapeutic target.Infectious agents and cancer · 2026Review
- Cancer viroimmunotherapy platforms based on varicella-zoster virus and cytomegalovirus.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2026Review
- The Role of Viruses in the Glioma Tumor Microenvironment: Immunosuppressors or Primers for Anti-Tumor Immunity?Cancers · 2025Review
- Genetic predisposition to altered blood cell homeostasis is associated with glioma risk and survival.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Genome-wide polygenic risk scores predict risk of glioma and molecular subtypes.Neuro-oncology · 2024Article
- Clinical implications of cytomegalovirus in glioblastoma progression and therapy.NPJ precision oncology · 2024Review
- Article
- Viruses in glioblastoma: an update on evidence and clinical trials.BJC reports · 2024Review
- Oncolytic varicella-zoster virus engineered with ORF8 deletion and armed with drug-controllable interleukin-12.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2024Article
- Genome-wide Polygenic Risk Scores Predict Risk of Glioma and Molecular Subtypes.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2024Article
- Association between viral infections and glioma risk: a two-sample bidirectional Mendelian randomization analysis.BMC medicine · 2023Article
- Genetic predisposition to altered blood cell homeostasis is associated with glioma risk and survival.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2023Article
- Inherited polymorphisms in the Human Leukocyte Antigen Region modify the association between varicella-zoster virus antibody reactivity and glioma prognosis.Neuro-oncology · 2023Article
- Antibodies to varicella-zoster virus and three other herpesviruses and survival in adults with glioma.Neuro-oncology · 2023Article
- Agricultural activities and risk of central nervous system tumors among French farm managers: Results from the TRACTOR project.International journal of cancer · 2022Article
- Prospective investigation of herpesvirus infection and risk of glioma.International journal of cancer · 2022Article
- The immunogenetics of viral antigen response is associated with subtype-specific glioma risk and survival.American journal of human genetics · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
23 authors at 18 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Varicella zoster virus (VZV) is a neurotropic α-herpesvirus that causes chickenpox and establishes life-long latency in the cranial nerve and dorsal root ganglia of the host. To date, VZV is the only virus consistently reported to have an inverse association with glioma. The Glioma International Case-Control Study (GICC) is a large, multisite consortium with data on 4533 cases and 4171 controls collected across five countries. Here, we utilized the GICC data to confirm the previously reported associations between history of chickenpox and glioma risk in one of the largest studies to date on this topic. Using two-stage random-effects restricted maximum likelihood modeling, we found that a positive history of chickenpox was associated with a 21% lower glioma risk, adjusting for age and sex (95% confidence intervals (CI): 0.65-0.96). Furthermore, the protective effect of chickenpox was stronger for high-grade gliomas. Our study provides additional evidence that the observed protective effect of chickenpox against glioma is unlikely to be coincidental. Future studies, including meta-analyses of the literature and investigations of the potential biological mechanism, are warranted.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.