Evidence map›Paper›PMID 26972366›Full record

ArticlePM & R : the journal of injury, function, and rehabilitation2016

Psychological Factors Are Related to Pain Intensity in Back-Healthy People Who Develop Clinically Relevant Pain During Prolonged Standing: A Preliminary Study.

Christopher J Sorensen, Steven Z George, Jack P Callaghan, Linda R Van Dillen

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in PM & R : the journal of injury, function, and rehabilitation, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
8citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

8 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Christopher J SorensenProgram in Physical Therapy, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO(∗).
Steven Z GeorgeDepartment of Physical Therapy, Brooks-PHHP Research Collaboration, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL(†).
Jack P CallaghanDepartment of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada(‡).
Linda R Van DillenProgram in Physical Therapy, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, 4444 Forest Park Blvd., Box 8502, Saint Louis, MO 63108(§). Electronic address: vandillenl@wustl.edu.

Funding

Washington University Institute of Clinical and Translational SciencesUL1TR000448 · NCATS · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI EVANOFF, BRADLEY A · 2012 to 2016
$41.4M
Spinal Control during Functional Activities to Improve Low Back Pain OutcomesR01HD047709 · NICHD · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI VANDILLEN, LINDA R · 2006 to 2017
$3.7M
Washington University Institute of Clinical and Translational SciencesTL1TR000449 · NCATS · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI EVANOFF, BRADLEY A · 2012 to 2016
$2.5M
NCATS NIH HHS TL1 TR000449NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR000448NICHD NIH HHS R01 HD047709
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundAn induced-pain paradigm has been used to examine risk factors for the development of low back pain (LBP) during prolonged standing in back-healthy people (standing paradigm). Previous studies that used induced-pain methods suggest that pain intensity may be related to psychologic factors. It is not currently known, however, whether pain intensity reported during the standing paradigm is related to psychologic factors.

objectiveTo examine the relationship between LBP symptom intensity and psychological factors (fear of pain and pain catastrophizing) in back-healthy people who develop LBP during prolonged standing. We hypothesized that symptom intensity during standing would be positively related to initial levels of fear of pain and pain catastrophizing in people who developed LBP during standing.

designCross-sectional.

settingMovement science research center at an academic medical center.

participantsFifty seven back-healthy participants.

methodsParticipants completed the Fear of Pain Questionnaire-III (FPQ-III) and Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS) before a 2-hour standing protocol. Participants rated LBP intensity on a 100-mm visual analogue scale (VAS) throughout standing and were classified as pain developers (PDs) or nonpain developers (NPDs). Relationships between LBP intensity and psychological measures were examined in PDs that did and did not have a ≥20 mm maximum VAS score. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS: FPQ-III and PCS total scores, maximum and average VAS scores during standing.

resultsThere were 24 (42%) PDs. Five PDs reported a maximum VAS score ≥20 mm. For PDs with a maximum VAS score <20 mm, correlations between average VAS scores and each psychological measure were small and nonsignificant (FPQ-III: r = 0.16, P = .50; PCS: r = 0.27, P = .26). For PDs with a maximum VAS score ≥20 mm, correlation between average VAS scores and FPQ-III was large and significant (r = 0.91, P = .03), and large for PCS but nonsignificant (r = 0.87, P = .06).

conclusionThese preliminary data suggest that if pain exceeds a clinically meaningful threshold (20 mm) during standing, pain intensity is related to psychological factors. Understanding factors that modulate acute pain response can inform early intervention strategies. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: II.

Indexed as

Low Back PainCross-Sectional StudiesHumansMovementPain MeasurementPostureSurveys and Questionnaires

Identifiers

PMID26972366
PMCPMC5056845

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.