ArticleCellular and molecular neurobiology2016
Inhibition of Autophagy by Chloroquine Enhances the Antitumor Efficacy of Sorafenib in Glioblastoma.
Article in Cellular and molecular neurobiology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 37 citations in OpenAlex.
- Antiangiogenic therapy exerts antitumor effects by altering the tumor microenvironment: bibliometric analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Pooled it
- Autophagy-Apoptosis Crosstalk in Cancer: Mechanisms, Signaling Pathways, and Therapeutic Targeting.Cancers · 2026Review
- A bibliometric analysis of global research trends in autophagy and glioblastomas.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2026Article
- Autophagy in brain tumors: molecular mechanisms, challenges, and therapeutic opportunities.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Review
- Blockage of Autophagy for Cancer Therapy: A Comprehensive Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Targeting Prohibitins to Inhibit Melanoma Growth and Overcome Resistance to Targeted Therapies.Cells · 2023Article
- Review
- Tumor suppressive functions of hsa‑miR‑34a on cell cycle, migration and protective autophagy in bladder cancer.International journal of oncology · 2023Article
- A Novel Molecular Classification Method for Glioblastoma Based on Tumor Cell Differentiation Trajectories.Stem cells international · 2023Article
- Blocking autophagy with chloroquine aggravates lipid accumulation and reduces intracellular energy synthesis in hepatocellular carcinoma cells, both contributing to its anti-proliferative effect.Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology · 2022Article
- Chloroquine Potentiates the Anticancer Effect of Pterostilbene on Pancreatic Cancer by Inhibiting Autophagy and Downregulating the RAGE/STAT3 Pathway.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- A Systematic Review of Glioblastoma-Targeted Therapies in Phases II, III, IV Clinical Trials.Cancers · 2021Review
- Intracellular Autofluorescence as a New Biomarker for Cancer Stem Cells in Glioblastoma.Cancers · 2021Article
- Propofol Mediated Protection of the Brain From Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury Through the Regulation of Microglial Connexin 43.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2021Article
- A Key Pathway to Cancer Resilience: The Role of Autophagy in Glioblastomas.Frontiers in oncology · 2021Review
- Autophagy as a Potential Therapy for Malignant Glioma.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Review
- Effective Synergy of Sorafenib and Nutrient Shortage in Inducing Melanoma Cell Death through Energy Stress.Cells · 2020Article
- Dissecting pharmacological effects of chloroquine in cancer treatment: interference with inflammatory signaling pathways.Immunology · 2020Review
- Chloroquine Triggers Cell Death and Inhibits PARPs in Cell Models of Aggressive Hepatoblastoma.Frontiers in oncology · 2020Article
- Combination of an Autophagy Inducer and an Autophagy Inhibitor: A Smarter Strategy Emerging in Cancer Therapy.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most aggressive and common brain tumor in adults. Sorafenib, a multi-kinase inhibitor, has been shown to inhibit cell proliferation and induce apoptosis through inhibition of STAT3 signaling in glioblastoma cells and in intracranial gliomas. However, sorafenib also induces cell autophagy. Due to the dual roles of autophagy in tumor cell survival and death, the therapeutic effect of sorafenib on glioblastoma is uncertain. Here, we combined sorafenib treatment in GBM cells (U373 and LN229) and tumors with the autophagy inhibitor chloroquine. We found that blockage of autophagy further inhibited cell proliferation and migration and induced cell apoptosis in vitro and in vivo. These findings suggest the possibility of combination treatment with sorafenib and autophagy inhibitors for GBM.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.