ArticleJACC. Heart failure2016
Relaxin-2 and Soluble Flt1 Levels in Peripartum Cardiomyopathy: Results of the Multicenter IPAC Study.
Article in JACC. Heart failure, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT01085955 (Immune Activation and Myocardial Recovery in Peripartum Cardiomyopathy), which is not on this map. Cited by 41 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Immune Activation and Myocardial Recovery in Peripartum Cardiomyopathy
Who cites it
41 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 99 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association between multiple pregnancy with peripartum cardiomyopathy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2025Pooled it
- Heart failure in pregnancy: what is the long-term impact of pregnancy on cardiac function? A tertiary care centre experience and systematic review.Open heart · 2021Pooled it
- Angiogenic biomarker concentrations and their relation to coronary atherosclerosis in women with a history of preeclampsia: Findings from the CPH-PRECIOUS study.Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica · 2026Article
- Soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 and peripartum cardiomyopathy: an exploratory meta-analysis of association and diagnostic performance.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Review
- Aims and Rationale of a National Registry Integrating Clinical, Echocardiographic, and Multi-Omics Profiling to Promote Precision Medicine in Peripartum Cardiomyopathy.Biomedicines · 2025Article
- Diagnostic and Therapeutic Challenges Between Peripartum and Influenza-Induced Inflammatory Cardiomyopathy-A Case Report and Literature Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Unveiling the Complexities of Peripartum Cardiomyopathy: Hemodynamic Insights and Recovery Patterns.JACC. Asia · 2025Article
- Unraveling the mystery of peripartum cardiomyopathy; Cathepsin D.American heart journal plus : cardiology research and practice · 2025Article
- Peripartum cardiomyopathy in the twenty-first century: a review of the pathophysiology and clinical trials for novel disease-specific therapeutics.Heart failure reviews · 2025Review
- Cathepsin-D and outcomes in peripartum cardiomyopathy: Results from IPAC.American heart journal plus : cardiology research and practice · 2025Article
- Race, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and outcomes in peripartum cardiomyopathy.American heart journal · 2024Article
- What Do We Know about Peripartum Cardiomyopathy? Yesterday, Today, Tomorrow.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Diagnosis and management of peripartum cardiomyopathy and recurrence risk.International journal of cardiology. Congenital heart disease · 2024Article
- Precision medicine in peripartum cardiomyopathy: advancing diagnosis and management through genomic and phenotypic integration.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2024Review
- Placental senescence pathophysiology is shared between peripartum cardiomyopathy and preeclampsia in mouse and human.Science translational medicine · 2024Article
- Thromboembolism in peripartum cardiomyopathy: a systematic review.Journal of thoracic disease · 2024Review
- Association of activin A and postpartum blood pressure in peripartum cardiomyopathy.Pregnancy hypertension · 2023Article
- Analysis of Clinical Profiles and Echocardiographic Cardiac Outcomes in Peripartum Cardiomyopathy (PPCM) vs. PPCM with Co-Existing Hypertensive Pregnancy Disorder (HPD-PPCM) Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Review
- Pathological features of biopsied myocardium in patients clinically diagnosed with peripartum cardiomyopathy.Medical molecular morphology · 2023Article
- Peripartum Cardiomyopathy: Risks Diagnosis and Management.Journal of multidisciplinary healthcare · 2023Review
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Authors and funding
19 authors at 13 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesThis study explored the association of vascular hormones with myocardial recovery and clinical outcomes in peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM).
backgroundPPCM is an uncommon disorder with unknown etiology. Angiogenic imbalance may contribute to its pathophysiology.
methodsIn 98 women with newly diagnosed PPCM enrolled in the Investigation in Pregnancy Associated Cardiomyopathy study, serum was obtained at baseline for analysis of relaxin-2, prolactin, soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 (sFlt1), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was assessed by echocardiography at baseline and 2, 6, and 12 months.
resultsMean age was 30 ± 6 years, with a baseline of LVEF 0.35 ± 0.09. Relaxin-2, prolactin, and sFlt1 were elevated in women presenting early post-partum, but decreased rapidly and were correlated inversely with time from delivery to presentation. In tertile analysis, higher relaxin-2 was associated with smaller left ventricular systolic diameter (p = 0.006) and higher LVEF at 2 months (p = 0.01). This was particularly evident in women presenting soon after delivery (p = 0.02). No relationship was evident for myocardial recovery and prolactin, sFlt1 or VEGF levels. sFlt1 levels were higher in women with higher New York Heart Association functional class (p = 0.01) and adverse clinical events (p = 0.004).
conclusionsIn women with newly diagnosed PPCM, higher relaxin-2 levels soon after delivery were associated with myocardial recovery at 2 months. In contrast, higher sFlt1 levels correlated with more severe symptoms and major adverse clinical events. Vascular mediators may contribute to the development of PPCM and influence subsequent myocardial recovery. (Investigation in Pregnancy Associate Cardiomyopathy [IPAC]; NCT01085955).
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.