ArticleCancer causes & control : CCC2016
Age at cancer diagnosis, amenability to medical interventions, and racial/ethnic disparities in cancer mortality.
Article in Cancer causes & control : CCC, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Racial Differences in Breast Cancer Survival Between Black and White Women According to Tumor Subtype: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology · 2024Pooled it
- After the Maps: Assessing Longitudinal Neighborhood Change After Historical Redlining with Present-Day Breast Cancer Survival.Journal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine · 2026Article
- Geographic Variation of Racial and Ethnic Differences in Uterine Cancer Survival.JAMA network open · 2025Article
- Advances in the understanding of health disparities in the United States Hispanic population.Journal of cancer biology · 2025Article
- Equity in Cancer and Chronic Disease Prevention through a Multi-Pronged Network Intervention: Works-in-Progress.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2024Article
- Data sharing in the context of community-engaged research partnerships.Social science & medicine (1982) · 2023Article
- "Outside the Skin": The Persistence of Black-White Disparities in U.S. Early-Life Mortality.Demography · 2022Article
- A Disparity beneath a Paradox: Cancer Mortality among Young Hispanic Americans in the US-Mexico Border Region.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2021Article
- Differences in Breast and Colorectal Cancer Screening Adherence Among Women Residing in Urban and Rural Communities in the United States.JAMA network open · 2021Article
- Walking the talk on multi-level interventions: The power of parsimony.Social science & medicine (1982) · 2021Article
- A retrospective on fundamental cause theory: State of the literature, and goals for the future.Annual review of sociology · 2021Article
- Social Inequality and the Future of U.S. Life Expectancy.Annual review of sociology · 2021Article
- Associations Between Race/Ethnicity and US Childhood and Adolescent Cancer Survival by Treatment Amenability.JAMA pediatrics · 2020Article
- Racial differences in alcohol and tobacco use in adolescence and mid-adulthood in a community-based sample.Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology · 2020Article
- 40 Years of Change in Age- and Stage-Specific Cancer Incidence Rates in US Women and Men.JNCI cancer spectrum · 2019Article
- Hispanic health in the USA: a scoping review of the literature.Public health reviewsArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
purposeRacial disparities in cancer mortality may be greater for cancers that are amenable to available early detection and treatment (amenability level). We investigated whether these patterns vary by age at cancer diagnosis.
methodsUsing 5-year relative survival rates (5Y-RSR), we classified 51 cancer sites into least amenable, partly amenable, and mostly amenable cancers (<40%, 40-69%, ≥70% 5-YRS, respectively). We examined whether racial disparities in mortality rates (African-Americans, Asian/Pacific Islanders, Hispanics, whites), as estimated through Cox regression models, were modified by age at diagnosis and amenability level in 516,939 cancer cases diagnosed in 1995-1999.
resultsAs compared with whites, all racial minority groups experienced higher cancer mortality rates in the youngest age group of 20-34 years. African-Americans and Hispanics diagnosed with partly and mostly amenable cancers had higher mortality rates relative to whites with cancers of the same amenability levels; further, these differences decreased in magnitude or reversed in direction with increasing age. In contrast, the racial differences in mortality were smaller and remained fairly constant across age groups for least amenable cancers. For example, in the youngest (20-34) and oldest (80-99) age groups, the adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) for African-Americans versus whites with least amenable cancers were, respectively, 1.26 (95% CI 1.02, 1.55) and 0.90 (95% CI 0.85, 0.96), while the HRs for African-Americans versus whites with mostly amenable cancers were 2.77 (95% CI 2.38, 3.22) and 1.07 (95% CI 0.98, 1.17).
conclusionsCancer survival disadvantage for racial minorities is larger in younger age groups for cancers that are more amenable to medical interventions.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.