Evidence map›Paper›PMID 26968635›Full record

ArticleExperimental cell research2016

Allopurinol and oxypurinol promote osteoblast differentiation and increase bone formation.

Isabel R Orriss, Timothy R Arnett, Jacob George, Miles D Witham

Open access · hybridAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Experimental cell research, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
16citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
2.3field-weighted citation impact, top 13% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

16 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 31 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
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  15. Uric acid and bone mineral density in postmenopausal osteoporotic women: the link lies within the fat.Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA · 2017
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.

Isabel R OrrissDepartment of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London NW1 0TU, UK. Electronic address: iorriss@rvc.ac.uk.
Timothy R ArnettDepartment of Cell & Developmental Biology, University College London, London, UK.
Jacob GeorgeMedical Research Institute, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK.
Miles D WithamMedical Research Institute, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK.
University of Dundee · GBRoyal Veterinary College · GBUniversity College London · GB

Funding

Arthritis Research UK 19205Versus Arthritis 19205
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Allopurinol and its active metabolite, oxypurinol are widely used in the treatment of gout and hyperuricemia. They inhibit xanthine oxidase (XO) an enzyme in the purine degradation pathway that converts xanthine to uric acid. This investigation examined the effect of allopurinol and oxypurinol on bone formation, cell number and viability, gene expression and enzyme activity in differentiating and mature, bone-forming osteoblasts. Although mRNA expression remained relatively constant, XO activity decreased over time with mature osteoblasts displaying reduced levels of uric acid (20% decrease). Treatment with allopurinol and oxypurinol (0.1-1 µM) reduced XO activity by up to 30%. At these concentrations, allopurinol and oxypurinol increased bone formation by osteoblasts ~4-fold and ~3-fold, respectively. Cell number and viability were unaffected. Both drugs increased tissue non-specific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP) activity up to 65%. Osteocalcin and TNAP mRNA expression was increased, 5-fold and 2-fold, respectively. Expression of NPP1, the enzyme responsible for generating the mineralisation inhibitor, pyrophosphate, was decreased 5-fold. Col1α1 mRNA expression and soluble collagen levels were unchanged. Osteoclast formation and resorptive activity were not affected by treatment with allopurinol or oxypurinol. Our data suggest that inhibition of XO activity promotes osteoblast differentiation, leading to increased bone formation in vitro.

Indexed as

AllopurinolAnimalsBone Density Conservation AgentsCell DifferentiationCells, CulturedCell SurvivalCollagenDrug Evaluation, PreclinicalGene ExpressionMiceOsteoblastsOsteogenesisOxypurinolRatsRats, Sprague-DawleyXanthine OxidaseAllopurinolBone Density Conservation AgentsCollagenOxypurinolXanthine OxidaseAllopurinolBone formationOsteoblast differentiationOxypurinol

Identifiers

PMID26968635
PMCPMC4829071
OpenAlexW2294383582

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.