ArticleLipids2016
Uncoupling EPA and DHA in Fish Nutrition: Dietary Demand is Limited in Atlantic Salmon and Effectively Met by DHA Alone.
Article in Lipids, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 95 citations in OpenAlex.
- Oxidative Stability and Nanoencapsulation of Marine Omega-3 LC-PUFAs for Sustainable Aquaculture and Human Health.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- DHA-Rich Algae Feed Modulates Atlantic Salmon Health, Microbiota and Stress Response.Aquaculture nutrition · 2026Article
- Compensatory Fatty Acid Metabolism and Hepatic Gene Expression in African Catfish (Aquaculture nutrition · 2026Article
- Effects of Dietary Docosahexaenoic Acid Levels on the Growth, Body Composition, and Health of Liver and Intestine in Juvenile Tiger Puffer (Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025Article
- Effect of eicosapentaenoic acid on innate immune responses in Atlantic salmon cells infected with infectious salmon anemia virus.Virology journal · 2025Article
- Taurine Alleviated the Negative Effects of an Oxidized Lipid Diet on Growth Performance, Antioxidant Properties, and Muscle Quality of the Common Carp (Aquaculture nutrition · 2024Article
- Dietary Effects of a Short-Term Administration of Microalgae Blend on Growth Performance, Tissue Fatty Acids, and Predominant Intestinal Microbiota inMicroorganisms · 2023Article
- Effect of Substituting Fish Oil with Camelina Oil on Growth Performance, Fatty Acid Profile, Digestibility, Liver Histology, and Antioxidative Status of Red Seabream (Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2021Article
- Article
- DHA Suppresses Hepatic Lipid AccumulationFrontiers in nutrition · 2021Article
- Minimizing marine ingredients in diets of farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar): effects on liver and head kidney lipid class and fatty acid composition.Fish physiology and biochemistry · 2020Article
- Interaction betweenPhilosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2020Article
- Influence of Dietary Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and ω6 to ω3 Ratios on Head Kidney Lipid Composition and Expression of Fatty Acid and Eicosanoid Metabolism Genes in Atlantic Salmon (Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2020Article
- Development of aFrontiers in plant science · 2020Article
- Optimizing long chain-polyunsaturated fatty acid synthesis in salmonids by balancing dietary inputs.PloS one · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Due to the scarcity of marine fish oil resources, the aquaculture industry is developing more efficient strategies for the utilization of dietary omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LC-PUFA). A better understanding of how fish utilize EPA and DHA, typically provided by fish oil, is needed. However, EPA and DHA have different physiological functions, may be metabolized and incorporated into tissues differently, and may vary in terms of their importance in meeting the fatty acid requirements of fish. To address these questions, Atlantic salmon were fed experimental diets containing, as the sole added dietary lipid source, fish oil (positive control), tallow (negative control), or tallow supplemented with EPA, DHA, or both fatty acids to ~50 or 100% of their respective levels in the positive control diet. Following 14 weeks of feeding, the negative control diet yielded optimum growth performance. Though surprising, these results support the notion that Atlantic salmon requirements for n-3 LC-PUFA are quite low. EPA was largely β-oxidized and inefficiently deposited in tissues, and increasing dietary levels were associated with potential negative effects on growth. Conversely, DHA was completely spared from catabolism and very efficiently deposited into flesh. EPA bioconversion to DHA was largely influenced by substrate availability, with the presence of preformed DHA having little inhibitory effect. These results clearly indicate EPA and DHA are metabolized differently by Atlantic salmon, and suggest that the n-3 LC-PUFA dietary requirements of Atlantic salmon may be lower than reported and different, if originating primarily from EPA or DHA.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.