ArticleNature communications2016
Externalized decondensed neutrophil chromatin occludes pancreatic ducts and drives pancreatitis.
Article in Nature communications, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 136 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
136 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 219 citations in OpenAlex.
- Role of the PADI family in inflammatory autoimmune diseases and cancers: A systematic review.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Pooled it
- Role of Neutrophils on the Ocular Surface.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Pooled it
- Interfacial mild alkalinity shapes Neutrophil immunometabolism through sphingolipid remodeling to enhance antibacterial host defense.Materials today. Bio · 2026Article
- Basophil Extracellular Traps in Immunity and Disease.Cancers · 2026Review
- Immunometabolic crosstalk in gallstone disease: driving roles of bacterial infection, NETs and MMP activation.Molecular biology reports · 2026Review
- Multi-center Study of the Association Between Serum Lipid Levels and Recurrent Common Bile Duct Stone After Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography with Propensity Score Matching Analysis.Digestive diseases and sciences · 2026Article
- IL-17A Promotes NETs Formation via the PKCζ-ERK-ROS-PAD4 Pathway in a Mouse Model of Ischemic Stroke.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2026Article
- Review
- Article
- NAC and DNase I synergistically reduce NETs to attenuate severe acute pancreatitis via suppressing the NETs/NF-κB/CXCL3 pathway.Apoptosis : an international journal on programmed cell death · 2026Article
- CXCL8 greatly enhances neutrophil extracellular traps formation induced by calcium crystalsFrontiers in pharmacology · 2026Article
- Epidemiology, etiopathogenesis, immune response, diagnosis, and complications of acute pancreatitis: current insights.Annals of medicine · 2025Review
- Role of Interleukin-6 Mediated T Cell Activation in Experimental Acute Pancreatitis.Inflammation · 2025Article
- Saturated fatty acid-induced neutrophil extracellular traps contribute to exacerbation and biologic therapy resistance in obesity-related psoriasis.Cellular & molecular immunology · 2025Article
- Exploring neutrophil extracellular traps: mechanisms of immune regulation and future therapeutic potential.Experimental hematology & oncology · 2025Review
- Exploring the Role of Gut Microbiota and Probiotics in Acute Pancreatitis: A Comprehensive Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Inflammatory burden index (IBI) and body roundness index (BRI) in gallstone risk prediction: insights from NHANES 2017-2020.Lipids in health and disease · 2025Article
- Oxidative stress, DAMPs, and immune cells in acute pancreatitis: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic prospects.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Association between Neutrophil-to-high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol ratio and gallstones: insights from the national health and nutrition examination survey (2017-2020).Lipids in health and disease · 2024Article
- Review
76 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
Authors and funding
23 authors at 6 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Ductal occlusion has been postulated to precipitate focal pancreatic inflammation, while the nature of the primary occluding agents has remained elusive. Neutrophils make use of histone citrullination by peptidyl arginine deiminase-4 (PADI4) in contact to particulate agents to extrude decondensed chromatin as neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). In high cellular density, NETs form macroscopically visible aggregates. Here we show that such aggregates form inside pancreatic ducts in humans and mice occluding pancreatic ducts and thereby driving pancreatic inflammation. Experimental models indicate that PADI4 is critical for intraductal aggregate formation and that PADI4-deficiency abrogates disease progression. Mechanistically, we identify the pancreatic juice as a strong instigator of neutrophil chromatin extrusion. Characteristic single components of pancreatic juice, such as bicarbonate ions and calcium carbonate crystals, induce aggregated NET formation. Ductal occlusion by aggregated NETs emerges as a pathomechanism with relevance in a plethora of inflammatory conditions involving secretory ducts.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.