Observational studyMedicine2016
Increased Risk of Endometriosis in Patients With Lower Genital Tract Infection: A Nationwide Cohort Study.
Observational study in Medicine, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 68 citations in OpenAlex.
- Correlation between dysbiosis of vaginal microecology and endometriosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis.PloS one · 2024Pooled it
- Genital inflammatory status and the innate immune response to contraceptive initiation.American journal of reproductive immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989) · 2022Trial
- Microbiota insights in endometriosis.Microbiome · 2025Review
- Co-occurrence of endometriosis and uterine fibroids: a systematic review and meta-analysis.EClinicalMedicine · 2025Article
- Burden of somatic morbidity associated with a surgically verified diagnosis of endometriosis at a young age: a register-based follow-up cohort study in Finland.Human reproduction (Oxford, England) · 2025Article
- Association between follicular fluid bacteria with inflammatory markers of the complete blood count and the outcomes of assisted reproductive technology in women with endometriosis: A case-control study.Health science reports · 2024Article
- Interleukin-10 Gene Polymorphisms Modulate the Risk of Infertility inReports of biochemistry & molecular biology · 2024Article
- Similarities in Pathogenetic Mechanisms Underlying the Bidirectional Relationship between Endometriosis and Pelvic Inflammatory Disease.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Gut microbiota and microbiota-derived metabolites promotes endometriosis.Cell death discovery · 2023Article
- Correlation of High-Risk Human Papilloma Virus with Deep Endometriosis: A Cross-Sectional Study.BioMed research international · 2023Article
- Diet associations in endometriosis: a critical narrative assessment with special reference to gluten.Frontiers in nutrition · 2023Review
- The bidirectional relationship between endometriosis and microbiome.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Review
- Evaluating the Phagocytic Index of Peripheral Leukocytes in Endometriosis by Plasma Experiments.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2022Article
- The female reproductive tract microbiotas, inflammation, and gynecological conditions.Frontiers in reproductive health · 2022Review
- Gut microbiota-derived short-chain fatty acids protect against the progression of endometriosis.Life science alliance · 2021Article
- Endometrial microbiota is more diverse in people with endometriosis than symptomatic controls.Scientific reports · 2021Observational
- Qiu's Neiyi Recipe Regulates the Inflammatory Action of Adenomyosis in Mice via the MAPK Signaling Pathway.Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM · 2021Article
- Transcriptome meta-analysis reveals differences of immune profile between eutopic endometrium from stage I-II and III-IV endometriosis independently of hormonal milieu.Scientific reports · 2020Article
- Infection as a potential cofactor in the genetic-epigenetic pathophysiology of endometriosis: a systematic review.Facts, views & vision in ObGyn · 2019Review
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Endometriosis results from the ectopic invasion of endometrial glands and stroma in the peritoneal cavity. The exact etiology of endometriosis is still unknown. It has, however, been shown that there are higher numbers of Escherichia coli in menstrual blood, and higher endotoxin levels in menstrual fluid, as well as, in the peritoneal fluid of patients with endometriosis. In this study, we aimed to determine whether lower genital tract infections could increase the risk of endometriosis.We used the Taiwan National Health Insurance database to conduct a population-based cohort study. We included patients diagnosed with inflammatory diseases of the cervix, vagina, and vulva, and a control group comprising patients matched by age, sex, and comorbidities but without inflammatory diseases of the cervix, vagina, or vulva.A total of 79,512 patients were included in the inflammatory disease group and an equal number of control individuals were selected. The incidence of endometriosis (hazard ratio, 2.01; 95% confidence interval, 1.91-2.12; P < 0.001) was higher among patients than controls. Cox proportional hazards models showed that irrespective of comorbidities, lower genital tract infection was an independent risk factor for endometriosis.Patients with lower genital tract infections exhibit a substantially higher risk for developing endometriosis.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.