ArticlePharmacoEconomics2016
Discretely Integrated Condition Event (DICE) Simulation for Pharmacoeconomics.
Article in PharmacoEconomics, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- A Systematic Review of Cost-Effectiveness Studies of Newer Non-Insulin Antidiabetic Drugs: Trends in Decision-Analytical Models for Modelling of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.PharmacoEconomics · 2023Pooled it
- Modeling Approaches in Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Disease-Modifying Therapies for Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis: An Updated Systematic Review and Recommendations for Future Economic Evaluations.PharmacoEconomics · 2018Pooled it
- Economic Evaluation of Pre-emptive Pharmacogenetic Panel Testing versus No Genetic Testing in a Multi-ethnic Asian Population.PharmacoEconomics · 2026Article
- Cost-Effectiveness of Earlier Diagnosis of Fibrotic Interstitial Lung Diseases (Fibrotic ILDs) and Earlier Treatment of Its Progressive Form, Progressive Pulmonary Fibrosis (PPF).Advances in therapy · 2026Article
- Modeling potential cost-effectiveness of tirzepatide versus lifestyle modification for patients with overweight and obesity.Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.) · 2025Article
- Modeling severe uncontrolled asthma: Transitioning away from health states.Contemporary clinical trials communications · 2024Article
- De Novo Cost-Effectiveness Model Framework for Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis-Modeling Approach and Validation.PharmacoEconomics · 2023Article
- Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of HPV Extended versus Partial Genotyping for Cervical Cancer Screening in Singapore.Cancers · 2023Article
- Cost-effectiveness of second-line empagliflozin versus liraglutide for type 2 diabetes in the United States.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2022Article
- Predicting Hospital Resource Use During COVID-19 Surges: A Simple but Flexible Discretely Integrated Condition Event Simulation of Individual Patient-Hospital Trajectories.Value in health : the journal of the International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research · 2021Article
- Article
- Overview and Use of Tools for Selecting Modelling Techniques in Health Economic Studies.PharmacoEconomics · 2021Review
- Economic evaluation of betibeglogene autotemcel (Beti-cel) gene addition therapy in transfusion-dependent β-thalassemia.Journal of market access & health policy · 2021Article
- Modeling long-term health and economic implications of new treatment strategies for Parkinson's disease: an individual patient simulation study.Journal of market access & health policy · 2021Article
- Comparison of Decision Modeling Approaches for Health Technology and Policy Evaluation.Medical decision making : an international journal of the Society for Medical Decision Making · 2021Article
- Cost-effectiveness analysis of empagliflozin versus sitagliptin as second-line therapy for treatment in patients with type 2 diabetes in the United States.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2021Article
- A Multidimensional Array Representation of State-Transition Model Dynamics.Medical decision making : an international journal of the Society for Medical Decision Making · 2020Article
- Cooking Up a Transparent Model Following a DICE Recipe.PharmacoEconomics · 2019Article
- Good Pharmacovigilance Practice in Paediatrics: An Overview of the Updated European Medicines Agency Guidelines.Paediatric drugs · 2019Article
- Outcomes and costs of remote patient monitoring among patients with implanted cardiac defibrillators: An economic model based on the PREDICT RM database.Journal of cardiovascular electrophysiology · 2019Observational
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1 author.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Several decision-analytic modeling techniques are in use for pharmacoeconomic analyses. Discretely integrated condition event (DICE) simulation is proposed as a unifying approach that has been deliberately designed to meet the modeling requirements in a straightforward transparent way, without forcing assumptions (e.g., only one transition per cycle) or unnecessary complexity. At the core of DICE are conditions that represent aspects that persist over time. They have levels that can change and many may coexist. Events reflect instantaneous occurrences that may modify some conditions or the timing of other events. The conditions are discretely integrated with events by updating their levels at those times. Profiles of determinant values allow for differences among patients in the predictors of the disease course. Any number of valuations (e.g., utility, cost, willingness-to-pay) of conditions and events can be applied concurrently in a single run. A DICE model is conveniently specified in a series of tables that follow a consistent format and the simulation can be implemented fully in MS Excel, facilitating review and validation. DICE incorporates both state-transition (Markov) models and non-resource-constrained discrete event simulation in a single formulation; it can be executed as a cohort or a microsimulation; and deterministically or stochastically.
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26961779What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.