ReviewAging2016
Common mechanisms involved in Alzheimer's disease and type 2 diabetes: a key role of chronic bacterial infection and inflammation.
Review in Aging, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT03755362 (Treatment of Periodontitis to Prevent Dementia in Older Adults With Asymptomatic Carotid Artery Stenosis and Mild Cognitive Impairment), which is not on this map. Cited by 39 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Treatment of Periodontitis to Prevent Dementia in Older Adults With Asymptomatic Carotid Artery Stenosis and Mild Cognitive Impairment
Who cites it
39 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 81 citations in OpenAlex.
- Is Periodontitis Associated with Age-Related Cognitive Impairment? The Systematic Review, Confounders Assessment and Meta-Analysis of Clinical Studies.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Pooled it
- Periodontal health, cognitive decline, and dementia: A systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal studies.Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · 2022Pooled it
- Analysis the Link between Periodontal Diseases and Alzheimer's Disease: A Systematic Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Periodontitis and Mild Cognitive Impairment Risk in Diabetic Patients: Insights from an Exploratory Analysis.Dentistry journal · 2025Article
- Systemic inflammation as a central player in the initiation and development of Alzheimer's disease.Immunity & ageing : I & A · 2025Review
- Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors considerably affect the salivary microbiome in patients with Alzheimer's disease.iScience · 2025Article
- A Direct Relationship Between 'Blood Stasis' and Fibrinaloid Microclots in Chronic, Inflammatory, and Vascular Diseases, and Some Traditional Natural Products Approaches to Treatment.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Associations between oral health measures and cognitive function in middle aged and older Indian adults.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Gut microbiota bridges the iron homeostasis and host health.Science China. Life sciences · 2023Review
- Controlling the Impact ofMedicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2023Article
- Study on the Association of Dietary Fatty Acid Intake and Serum Lipid Profiles With Cognition in Aged Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2022Article
- Extracellular vesicles from gastric epithelial GES-1 cells infected withFrontiers in oncology · 2022Article
- Amylin, Aβ42, and Amyloid in Varicella Zoster Virus Vasculopathy Cerebrospinal Fluid and Infected Vascular Cells.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2021Article
- Alzheimer's Disease and Diabetes: Role of Diet, Microbiota and Inflammation in Preclinical Models.Biomolecules · 2021Review
- Targeting Impaired Antimicrobial Immunity in the Brain for the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease.Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment · 2021Review
- The Impact of Disease Comorbidities in Alzheimer's Disease.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2021Review
- Human Herpesviruses 6A and 6B in Brain Diseases: Association versus Causation.Clinical microbiology reviews · 2020Review
- Emerging Roles of Functional Bacterial Amyloids in Gene Regulation, Toxicity, and Immunomodulation.Microbiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR · 2020Review
- Age-stratified longitudinal study of Alzheimer's and vascular dementia patients.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Strong epidemiologic evidence and common molecular mechanisms support an association between Alzheimer's disease (AD) and type 2-diabetes. Local inflammation and amyloidosis occur in both diseases and are associated with periodontitis and various infectious agents. This article reviews the evidence for the presence of local inflammation and bacteria in type 2 diabetes and discusses host pathogen interactions in chronic inflammatory disorders. Chlamydophyla pneumoniae, Helicobacter pylori and spirochetes are demonstrated in association with dementia and brain lesions in AD and islet lesions in type 2 diabetes. The presence of pathogens in host tissues activates immune responses through Toll-like receptor signaling pathways. Evasion of pathogens from complement-mediated attack results in persistent infection, inflammation and amyloidosis. Amyloid beta and the pancreatic amyloid called amylin bind to lipid bilayers and produce Ca(2+) influx and bacteriolysis. Similarly to AD, accumulation of amylin deposits in type 2 diabetes may result from an innate immune response to chronic bacterial infections, which are known to be associated with amyloidosis. Further research based on an infectious origin of both AD and type 2 diabetes may lead to novel treatment strategies.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.