Trial reportAIDS (London, England)2016
HIV-associated CD4+/CD8+ depletion in infancy is associated with neurometabolic reductions in the basal ganglia at age 5 years despite early antiretroviral therapy.
Trial report in AIDS (London, England), 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 31 citations in OpenAlex.
- Associations between Neuroimaging Measures and Cognitive Performance in Children, Adolescents, and Youth Living With HIV-a Systematic Review.Current HIV/AIDS reports · 2025Pooled it
- Clinical and immunovirological status in children, adolescents and young adults with early-life-acquired HIV: a Spanish multi-cohort analysis since 2020.The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy · 2026Article
- The Role of Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy in Neonatal and Fetal Brain Research.Journal of magnetic resonance imaging : JMRI · 2025Review
- Evidence of functional connectivity disruptions between auditory and non-auditory regions in adolescents living with HIV.Frontiers in systems neuroscience · 2025Article
- Neuroimaging advances in neurocognitive disorders among HIV-infected individuals.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Review
- Article
- Neurodevelopment among children exposed to HIV and uninfected in sub-Saharan Africa.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2023Article
- Similar cortical morphometry trajectories from 5 to 9 years in children with perinatal HIV who started treatment before age 2 years and uninfected controls.BMC neuroscience · 2023Article
- Whole-brain MR spectroscopic imaging reveals regional metabolite abnormalities in perinatally HIV infected young adults.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2023Article
- Multimodal magnetic resonance neuroimaging measures characteristic of early cART-treated pediatric HIV: A feature selection approach.Human brain mapping · 2022Article
- Early structural brain development in infants exposed to HIV and antiretroviral therapy in utero in a South African birth cohort.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2022Article
- A Neurometabolic Pattern of Elevated Myo-Inositol in Children Who Are HIV-Exposed and Uninfected: A South African Birth Cohort Study.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Multivariate approach for longitudinal analysis of brain metabolite levels from ages 5-11 years in children with perinatal HIV infection.NeuroImage · 2021Article
- Motion correction methods for MRS: experts' consensus recommendations.NMR in biomedicine · 2021Article
- Motion correction in magnetic resonance spectroscopy.Magnetic resonance in medicine · 2020Review
- State of the Mind: Growing up with HIV.Paediatric drugs · 2020Review
- Atypical Resting-State Functional Connectivity Dynamics Correlate With Early Cognitive Dysfunction in HIV Infection.Frontiers in neurology · 2020Article
- MRS suggests multi-regional inflammation and white matter axonal damage at 11 years following perinatal HIV infection.NeuroImage. Clinical · 2020Article
- Brain structure of perinatally HIV-infected patients on long-term treatment: A systematic review.Neurology. Clinical practice · 2019Review
- Low-frequency fluctuation characteristics in rhesus macaques with SIV infection: a resting-state fMRI study.Journal of neurovirology · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveInvestigating consequences of early or late antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation in infancy on young brain development using magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
designMost pediatric HIV/ART-related neurological studies are from neuropsychological/clinical perspectives. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy can elucidate the mechanisms underpinning neurocognitive outcomes by quantifying the brain's chemical condition through localized metabolism to provide insights into health and development.
methodsBasal ganglia metabolite concentrations were assessed in thirty-eight 5-year-old HIV-infected children previously participating in a randomized trial comparing early limited ART to deferred continuous ART, as well as 15 uninfected controls (12 HIV exposed). Metabolite levels were compared between 26 infected children who initiated ART at/before 12 weeks and 12 who initiated afterward, and were correlated with clinical HIV and treatment-related measures.
resultsHIV-infected children initiating ART after 12 weeks had lower creatine, choline and glutamate (P < 0.05) than those initiating ART at/before 12 weeks. The CD4/CD8 ratio at baseline correlated with N-acetyl-aspartate (r = 0.56, P = 0.003) and choline (r = 0.36, P = 0.03) at 5 years, irrespective of treatment regimen and ART interruption. In comparison with uninfected controls, 80% of whom were HIV-exposed in utero, children on early treatment had higher N-acetyl-aspartate (P = 0.006) and choline (P = 0.03).
conclusionsDespite early ART (<12 weeks), low baseline CD4/CD8 predicts brain metabolite levels in later childhood. Also, HIV exposure and antiretroviral exposure for preventing vertical HIV transmission may hinder metabolite health, but needs further investigation.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.