ArticlePloS one2016
Benzene Uptake and Glutathione S-transferase T1 Status as Determinants of S-Phenylmercapturic Acid in Cigarette Smokers in the Multiethnic Cohort.
Article in PloS one, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 26 citations in OpenAlex.
- Differences in exposure to toxic and/or carcinogenic volatile organic compounds between Black and White cigarette smokers.Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology · 2021Trial
- 2-Phenethyl Isothiocyanate, Glutathione S-transferase M1 and T1 Polymorphisms, and Detoxification of Volatile Organic Carcinogens and Toxicants in Tobacco Smoke.Cancer prevention research (Philadelphia, Pa.) · 2016Trial
- Trial
- Comparison of effects of charcoal versus electric heating of waterpipe tobacco on carbon monoxide levels: Cardiovascular measures; benzene, pyrene, and nicotine uptake; and subjective reactions.Toxicology reports · 2026Article
- ExposoGraph: An Interactive Platform for Carcinogen Bioactivation and Detoxification Pathway Visualization.Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) · 2026Article
- Solvent Exposure, Genetic Susceptibility, and Risk of Bladder Cancer.Cancer prevention research (Philadelphia, Pa.) · 2025Article
- Association of Urinary Biomarkers of Tobacco Exposure with Lung Cancer Risk in African American and White Cigarette Smokers in the Southern Community Cohort Study.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2024Article
- Association of Urinary Biomarkers of Smoking-Related Toxicants with Lung Cancer Incidence in Smokers: The Multiethnic Cohort Study.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2023Article
- Quantitation of DNA Adducts Resulting from Acrolein Exposure and Lipid Peroxidation in Oral Cells of Cigarette Smokers from Three Racial/Ethnic Groups with Differing Risks for Lung Cancer.Chemical research in toxicology · 2022Article
- Biological Assessment of Potential Exposure to Occupational Substances in Current Semiconductor Workers with at Least 5 Years of Employment.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Ethnic Differences of Urinary Cadmium in Cigarette Smokers from the Multiethnic Cohort Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- Article
- Chemical Biomarkers of Exposure and Early Damage from Potentially Carcinogenic Airborne Pollutants.Annals of cancer epidemiology · 2019Article
- Tobacco biomarkers and genetic/epigenetic analysis to investigate ethnic/racial differences in lung cancer risk among smokers.NPJ precision oncology · 2018Review
- Genetic Determinants of 1,3-Butadiene Metabolism and Detoxification in Three Populations of Smokers with Different Risks of Lung Cancer.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2017Article
- Tobacco, e-cigarettes, and child health.Current opinion in pediatrics · 2017Review
- Isotope Dilution nanoLC/ESIChemical research in toxicology · 2017Article
- Oral Cell DNA Adducts as Potential Biomarkers for Lung Cancer Susceptibility in Cigarette Smokers.Chemical research in toxicology · 2017Review
- Benzene oxide is a substrate for glutathione S-transferases.Chemico-biological interactions · 2015Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Research from the Multiethnic Cohort (MEC) demonstrated that, for the same quantity of cigarette smoking, African Americans and Native Hawaiians have a higher lung cancer risk than Whites, while Latinos and Japanese Americans are less susceptible. We collected urine samples from 2,239 cigarette smokers from five different ethnic groups in the MEC and analyzed each sample for S-phenylmercapturic acid (SPMA), a specific biomarker of benzene uptake. African Americans had significantly higher (geometric mean [SE] 3.69 [0.2], p<0.005) SPMA/ml urine than Whites (2.67 [0.13]) while Japanese Americans had significantly lower levels than Whites (1.65 [0.07], p<0.005). SPMA levels in Native Hawaiians and Latinos were not significantly different from those of Whites. We also conducted a genome-wide association study in search of genetic risk factors related to benzene exposure. The glutathione S-transferase T1 (GSTT1) deletion explained between 14.2-31.6% (p = 5.4x10-157) and the GSTM1 deletion explained between 0.2%-2.4% of the variance (p = 1.1x10-9) of SPMA levels in these populations. Ethnic differences in levels of SPMA remained strong even after controlling for the effects of these two deletions. These results demonstrate the powerful effect of GSTT1 status on SPMA levels in urine and show that uptake of benzene in African American, White, and Japanese American cigarette smokers is consistent with their lung cancer risk in the MEC. While benzene is not generally considered a cause of lung cancer, its metabolite SPMA could be a biomarker for other volatile lung carcinogens in cigarette smoke.
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