Observational studyAIDS (London, England)2016
CD4+/CD8+ ratio, age, and risk of serious noncommunicable diseases in HIV-infected adults on antiretroviral therapy.
Observational study in AIDS (London, England), 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 64 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
64 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 115 citations in OpenAlex.
- Examining Depression as a Risk Factor for Cardiovascular Disease in People with HIV: A Systematic Review.Annals of behavioral medicine : a publication of the Society of Behavioral Medicine · 2023Pooled it
- The Effect of Probiotics, Prebiotics, and Synbiotics on CD4 Counts in HIV-Infected Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.BioMed research international · 2020Pooled it
- Albuvirtide plus 3BNC117 provides a promising combination strategy for multidrug-resistant HIV-1 infection: a prospective, open-label, multicenter phase 2 trial.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Trial
- Trial
- Patient-Level Discordance Between SCORE2 Cardiovascular Risk and PD-1/PD-L1 Checkpoint-Expression Profiles in People Living with HIV: A Secondary Cohort Analysis.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Associations Between B-Cell Subsets and Subclinical Coronary Artery Disease in Ugandans With and Without HIV.Open forum infectious diseases · 2026Article
- The Effects of In Utero HIV and Antiretroviral Therapy Exposure on Infant T-Cell and Monocyte Activation, Function, and Regulation of Immune-Modulatory Pathways.Mediators of inflammation · 2026Article
- The Emerging Role of Interleukin-32 in HIV-Associated Cardiovascular Comorbidities: A Mini Review.International journal of general medicine · 2026Review
- Evaluation of Triglyceride-Glucose (TyG) index in individuals living with HIV under antiretroviral therapy (ART).BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- CD4/CD8 ratio trajectories and their impact on prognosis: a 15-year retrospective longitudinal cohort study of people living with HIV.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Sickle cell trait, APOL1 risk allele status and chronic kidney disease among ART-experienced adults living with HIV in northern Nigeria.International journal of STD & AIDS · 2025Article
- Between- and Within-Cluster Spearman Rank Correlations.Statistics in medicine · 2025Article
- Association between a lower T-CD4+ /CD8+ lymphocyte ratio and cognitive impairment in older persons with HIV.European geriatric medicine · 2025Article
- Enhanced metabolic health and immune response with bictegravir/emtricitabine/TAF: Insights from a 96‑week retrospective study.Biomedical reports · 2024Article
- Plasma Human Immunodeficiency Virus 1 Soluble Glycoprotein 120 Association With Correlates of Immune Dysfunction and Inflammation in Antiretroviral Therapy-Treated Individuals With Undetectable Viremia.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2024Article
- CD4/CD8 Ratio Recovered as a Predictor of Decreased Liver Damage in Adults Infected With HIV: 16-Year Observational Cohort Study.JMIR public health and surveillance · 2024Observational
- Incomplete recovery of the CD4+/CD8+ ratio is associated with the late introduction of antiretroviral therapy among people living with HIV infection.Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de Sao Paulo · 2024Article
- Shorter total sleep time is associated with lower CD4+/CD8+ T cell ratios in virally suppressed men with HIV.Sleep advances : a journal of the Sleep Research Society · 2024Article
- Immunological Efficacy and the Impact on Weight of Dolutegravir-Based Regimen in Antiretroviral Therapy (ART)-Naïve Patients with HIV Infection.Infection and drug resistance · 2024Article
- Plasma concentrations of IL-6, MIP-1β, IP-10, and PTX-3 as predictors of the immunological response to antiretroviral treatment in people with HIV.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
4 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveIn virologically suppressed HIV-infected adults, noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) have been associated with immune senescence and low CD4/CD8 lymphocyte ratio. Age differences in the relationship between CD4/CD8 ratio and NCDs have not been described.
designObservational cohort study.
methodsWe assessed CD4/CD8 ratio and incident NCDs (cardiovascular, cancer, liver, and renal diseases) in HIV-infected adults started on antiretroviral therapy between 1998 and 2012. Study inclusion began once patients maintained virologic suppression for 12 months (defined as baseline). We examined age and baseline CD4/CD8 ratio and used Cox proportional hazard models to assess baseline CD4/CD8 ratio and NCDs.
resultsThis study included 2006 patients. Low baseline CD4/CD8 ratio was associated with older age, male sex, and low CD4 lymphocyte counts. In models adjusting for CD4 lymphocyte count, CD4/CD8 ratio was inversely associated with age (P < 0.01). Among all patients, 182 had incident NCDs, including 46 with coronary artery disease (CAD) events. CD4/CD8 ratio was inversely associated with risk of CAD events [adjusted HR per 0.1 increase in CD4/CD8 ratio = 0.87, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.76-0.99, P = 0.03]. This association was driven by those under age 50 years (adjusted HR 0.83 [0.70-0.97], P = 0.02) vs. those over age 50 years (adjusted HR = 0.96 [0.79-1.18], P = 0.71). CD4/CD8 ratio was not significantly associated with incident noncardiac NCDs.
conclusionsHigher CD4/CD8 ratio after 1 year of HIV virologic suppression was independently predictive of decreased CAD risk, particularly among younger adults. Advanced immune senescence may contribute to CAD events in younger HIV patients on antiretroviral therapy.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.