ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2016
Rapid expansion of the protein disulfide isomerase gene family facilitates the folding of venom peptides.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 35 papers.
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Who cites it
35 citing papers in PubMed, 57 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- Conkazal-M1 from the MKAVA family of conotoxins: A dual-function protease inhibitor and neuroactive peptide.Protein science : a publication of the Protein Society · 2026Article
- Ancestral Sequence Reconstruction Provides Insights into the Structural Diversification and Neofunctionalization of T-superfamily Conotoxins in Conus.Molecular biology and evolution · 2025Article
- Conkazal-M1 from the MKAVA family of conotoxins - a dual-function protease inhibitor and neuroactive peptide.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Insights into platypus crural gland transcriptomics - venom and beyond.BMC genomics · 2025Article
- Structural similarities reveal an expansive conotoxin family with a two-finger toxin fold.Protein science : a publication of the Protein Society · 2025Article
- Cnidarian toxins: omics approaches and recombinant proteins.The journal of venomous animals and toxins including tropical diseases · 2025Article
- Characterizing virulence differences in a parasitoid wasp through comparative transcriptomic and proteomic.BMC genomics · 2024Article
- Redox-Active Conopeptide Li520 Has Evolved to Catalyze Oxidative Folding of Conotoxins.ACS omega · 2024Article
- Article
- Exploring oak processionary caterpillar induced lepidopterism (Part 1): unveiling molecular insights through transcriptomics and proteomics.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2024Article
- Article
- Article
- Co-option of the same ancestral gene family gave rise to mammalian and reptilian toxins.BMC biology · 2021Article
- DisCoTune: versatile auxiliary plasmids for the production of disulphide-containing proteins and peptides in the E. coli T7 system.Microbial biotechnology · 2021Article
- An ancient, conserved gene regulatory network led to the rise of oral venom systems.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2021Article
- Proteomic analysis of Red SeaThe journal of venomous animals and toxins including tropical diseases · 2021Article
- Strategies for Heterologous Expression, Synthesis, and Purification of Animal Venom Toxins.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2021Review
- Non-Peptidic Small Molecule Components from Cone Snail Venoms.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2021Review
- Application-Oriented Marine Isomerases in Biocatalysis.Marine drugs · 2020Review
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 4 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Formation of correct disulfide bonds in the endoplasmic reticulum is a crucial step for folding proteins destined for secretion. Protein disulfide isomerases (PDIs) play a central role in this process. We report a previously unidentified, hypervariable family of PDIs that represents the most diverse gene family of oxidoreductases described in a single genus to date. These enzymes are highly expressed specifically in the venom glands of predatory cone snails, animals that synthesize a remarkably diverse set of cysteine-rich peptide toxins (conotoxins). Enzymes in this PDI family, termed conotoxin-specific PDIs, significantly and differentially accelerate the kinetics of disulfide-bond formation of several conotoxins. Our results are consistent with a unique biological scenario associated with protein folding: The diversification of a family of foldases can be correlated with the rapid evolution of an unprecedented diversity of disulfide-rich structural domains expressed by venomous marine snails in the superfamily Conoidea.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.