ArticleOncotarget2016
Modulation of chemokines in the tumor microenvironment enhances oncolytic virotherapy for colorectal cancer.
Article in Oncotarget, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 35 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
35 citing papers in PubMed.
- Phase II Trial of Adjuvant Dendritic Cell Vaccine in Combination with Celecoxib, Interferon-α, and Rintatolimod in Patients Undergoing Cytoreductive Surgery and Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy for Peritoneal Metastases.Annals of surgical oncology · 2021Trial
- Chemokine-Armed Oncolytic Viruses: Engineering Immune Cell Trafficking to Transform the Tumor Microenvironment.Pharmaceutics · 2026Review
- CXC Chemokine-Driven Vascular Reprogramming: Modulating Tumor Vasculature to Boost Therapeutic Response.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Review
- Mathematical Modeling of the Role of Cytokines in Sindbis Virus Treatment of Glioblastoma.CPT: pharmacometrics & systems pharmacology · 2026Article
- Review
- Synergy between TLR3-ligand and IFN-α in the transient sensitization of "Cold" tumors to PD-1 blockade and the induction of systemic immunity.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2025Article
- Oncolytic Viruses as a Novel Therapeutic Approach for Colorectal Cancer: Mechanisms, Current Advances, and Future Directions.Cancers · 2025Review
- Review
- Oncolytic viruses against cancer, promising or delusion?Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) · 2023Review
- Immunotherapy in triple negative breast cancer: beyond checkpoint inhibitors.NPJ breast cancer · 2022Review
- Improving cancer immunotherapy by rationally combining oncolytic virus with modulators targeting key signaling pathways.Molecular cancer · 2022Review
- Review
- Amplification of the CXCR3/CXCL9 axis via intratumoral electroporation of plasmid CXCL9 synergizes with plasmid IL-12 therapy to elicit robust anti-tumor immunity.Molecular therapy oncolytics · 2022Article
- Cutting both ways: the innate immune response to oncolytic virotherapy.Cancer gene therapy · 2022Review
- Development of Delivery Systems for Local Administration of Cytokines/Cytokine Gene-Directed Therapeutics: Modern Oncologic Implications.Current oncology reports · 2022Review
- Comprehensive assessment on the applications of oncolytic viruses for cancer immunotherapy.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2022Review
- Advances in CAR-T Cell Genetic Engineering Strategies to Overcome Hurdles in Solid Tumors Treatment.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Current strategies in engaging oncolytic viruses with antitumor immunity.Molecular therapy oncolytics · 2021Review
- Immuno-Oncolytic Viruses: Emerging Options in the Treatment of Colorectal Cancer.Molecular diagnosis & therapy · 2021Review
- CXCL11 Signaling in the Tumor Microenvironment.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
An oncolytic poxvirus such as vvDD-CXCL11 can generate potent systemic antitumor immunity as well as targeted oncolysis, yet the antitumor effect is limited probably due to limited homing to and suppressed activity of tumor-specific adaptive immune cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME). We reasoned that a chemokine modulating (CKM) drug cocktail, consisting of IFN-α, poly I:C, and a COX-2 inhibitor, may skew the chemokine (CK) and cytokine profile into a favorable one in the TME, and this pharmaceutical modulation would enhance both the trafficking into and function of antitumor immune cells in the TME, thus increasing therapeutic efficacy of the oncolytic virus. In this study we show for the first time in vivo that the CKM modulates the CK microenvironment but it does not modulate antitumor immunity by itself in a MC38 colon cancer model. Sequential treatment with the virus and then CKM results in the upregulation of Th1-attracting CKs and reduction of Treg-attracting CKs (CCL22 and CXCL12), concurrent with enhanced trafficking of tumor-specific CD8+ T cells and NK cells into the TME, thus resulting in the most significant antitumor activity and long term survival of tumor-bearing mice. This novel combined regimen, with the oncolytic virus (vvDD-CXCL11) inducing direct oncolysis and eliciting potent antitumor immunity, and the CKM inducing a favorable chemokine profile in the TME that promotes the trafficking and function of antitumor Tc1/Th1 and NK cells, may have great utility for oncolytic immunotherapy for cancer.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.