ArticlePsychopharmacology2016
Severity of dependence modulates smokers' functional connectivity in the reward circuit: a preliminary study.
Article in Psychopharmacology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 24 citations in OpenAlex.
- Altered Brain Dynamics in Heavy Smokers Revealed by Dynamic Functional Network Connectivity Analysis.Brain topography · 2026Article
- Grey matter morphometry in young adult e-cigarette users, tobacco cigarette users & non-using controls.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2025Article
- Adolescent substance use trajectories are associated with nucleus accumbens functional connectivity.Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England) · 2025Article
- Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation reduces smoking cravings by decreasing cerebral blood flow in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex.Brain communications · 2025Article
- Greater ventral striatal functional connectivity in cigarette smokers relative to non-smokers across a spectrum of alcohol consumption.Brain imaging and behavior · 2024Article
- Increased spontaneous activity of the superior frontal gyrus with reduced functional connectivity to visual attention areas and cerebellum in male smokers.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2023Article
- Interaction effects between smoking and internet gaming disorder on resting-state functional connectivity of the ventral tegmental area and hippocampus.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2023Article
- Alternations in Dynamic and Static Functional Connectivity Density in Chronic Smokers.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2022Article
- Nicotine-induced neuroplasticity in striatum is subregion-specific and reversed by motor training on the rotarod.Addiction biology · 2020Article
- Interactions between monoamine oxidase A rs1137070 and smoking on brain structure and function in male smokers.The European journal of neuroscience · 2019Article
- Impact of Sleep and Circadian Rhythms on Addiction Vulnerability in Adolescents.Biological psychiatry · 2018Review
- Changes in resting state functional brain connectivity and withdrawal symptoms are associated with acute electronic cigarette use.Brain research bulletin · 2018Article
- Cerebellar Gray Matter Reductions Associate With Decreased Functional Connectivity in Nicotine-Dependent Individuals.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2018Article
- Brain Structure Alterations in Respect to Tobacco Consumption and Nicotine Dependence: A Comparative Voxel-Based Morphometry Study.Frontiers in neuroanatomy · 2018Article
- Resting-State Functional Connectivity of the Basal Nucleus of Meynert in Cigarette Smokers: Dependence Level and Gender Differences.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2017Article
- Altered spontaneous brain activity in chronic smokers revealed by fractional ramplitude of low-frequency fluctuation analysis: a preliminary study.Scientific reports · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
rationaleNicotine dependence is characterized as a neural circuit dysfunction, particularly with regard to the reward circuit. Although dependence severity moderates cue reactivity in the brain regions involved in reward processing, the direction of its influence remains controversial.
objectivesInvestigating the functional organization of the reward circuit may provide complementary information. Here, we used resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) to evaluate the integrity of the reward circuit in smokers with different severities of nicotine dependence.
methodsTotals of 65 smokers and 37 non-smokers underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). The smokers were divided into low-dependent (FTND < 5, n = 26) and high-dependent smoker groups (FTND ≥ 5, n = 39) based on their nicotine-dependence severity (as measured by the Fagerström test for nicotine dependence [FTND]). The region of interest (ROI)-wise rsFC within the reward circuit was compared between smokers and non-smokers as well as between low-dependent and high-dependent smokers and then correlated with smokers' FTND scores.
resultsWidespread rsFC attenuation was observed in the reward circuit of smokers compared with non-smokers. Compared with low-dependent smokers, high-dependent smokers showed greater rsFC between the right amygdala and the left nucleus accumbens (NAcc) as well as between the bilateral hippocampus. Furthermore, a positive correlation between the inter-hippocampus rsFC and the severity of nicotine dependence (FTND) was detected among all smokers (r = 0.416, p = 0.001).
conclusionsOur results indicate a dysfunction of the reward circuit in nicotine-dependent individuals. Moreover, our study improves the understanding of the neuroplastic changes that occur during the development of nicotine dependence.
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