Evidence map›Paper›PMID 26955268›Full record

ArticleInternational journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease2016

Explaining the link between access-to-care factors and health care resource utilization among individuals with COPD.

Minchul Kim, Jinma Ren, William Tillis, Carl V Asche, Inkyu K Kim, Carmen S Kirkness

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
19citing papers in PubMed, 3 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

19 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. RuralEuropean respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society · 2026
    Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
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  4. Integrated Care for COPD in the Elderly: Impact on Healthcare Utilization Across Healthcare Settings.International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease · 2026
    Article
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  7. Variations in COPD Health Care Access and Outcomes: A Rapid Review.Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (Miami, Fla.) · 2024
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Minchul KimDepartment of Internal Medicine, Center for Outcomes Research, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Peoria, Peoria, USA.
Jinma RenDepartment of Internal Medicine, Center for Outcomes Research, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Peoria, Peoria, USA.
William TillisOSF St Francis Medical Center, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Peoria, Peoria, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Peoria, Peoria, USA.
Carl V AscheDepartment of Internal Medicine, Center for Outcomes Research, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Peoria, Peoria, USA; Department of Pharmacy Systems, Outcomes and Policy, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Pharmacy, Chicago, IL, USA.
Inkyu K KimBattelle Memorial Institute, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Carmen S KirknessDepartment of Internal Medicine, Center for Outcomes Research, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Peoria, Peoria, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundLimited accessibility to health care may be a barrier to obtaining good care. Few studies have investigated the association between access-to-care factors and COPD hospitalizations. The objective of this study is to estimate the association between access-to-care factors and health care utilization including hospital/emergency department (ED) visits and primary care physician (PCP) office visits among adults with COPD utilizing a nationally representative survey data.

methodsWe conducted a pooled cross-sectional analysis based upon a bivariate probit model, utilizing datasets from the 2011-2012 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System linked with the 2014 Area Health Resource Files among adults with COPD. Dichotomous outcomes were hospital/ED visits and PCP office visits. Key covariates were county-level access-to-care factors, including the population-weighted numbers of pulmonary care specialists, PCPs, hospitals, rural health centers, and federally qualified health centers.

resultsAmong a total of 9,332 observations, proportions of hospital/ED visits and PCP office visits were 16.2% and 44.2%, respectively. Results demonstrated that access-to-care factors were closely associated with hospital/ED visits. An additional pulmonary care specialist per 100,000 persons serves to reduce the likelihood of a hospital/ED visit by 0.4 percentage points (pp) (P=0.028). In contrast, an additional hospital per 100,000 persons increases the likelihood of hospital/ED visit by 0.8 pp (P=0.008). However, safety net facilities were not related to hospital utilizations. PCP office visits were not related to access-to-care factors.

conclusionPulmonary care specialist availability was a key factor in reducing hospital utilization among adults with COPD. The findings of our study implied that an increase in the availability of pulmonary care specialists may reduce hospital utilizations in counties with little or no access to pulmonary care specialists and that since availability of hospitals increases hospital utilization, directing patients with COPD to pulmonary care specialists may decrease hospital utilizations.

Indexed as

Health Services AccessibilityPulmonary Disease, Chronic ObstructiveAdultAgedCross-Sectional StudiesEmergency Service, HospitalFemaleHealth Care SurveysHealth ResourcesHospitalizationHumansMaleMiddle AgedPrimary Health CarePulmonary MedicineUnited StatesCOPDhospital utilizationpulmonary specialist

Identifiers

PMID26955268
PMCPMC4769007

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.