SynthesisHarvard review of psychiatry
The Longitudinal Course of Schizophrenia Across the Lifespan: Clinical, Cognitive, and Neurobiological Aspects.
Synthesis in Harvard review of psychiatry. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 91 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
91 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Predictors of long-term outcome of patients with schizophrenia in Africa: systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC public health · 2025Pooled it
- Examining the relationships between cognition and auditory hallucinations: A systematic review.The Australian and New Zealand journal of psychiatry · 2024Pooled it
- Examining the variability of neurocognitive functioning in individuals at clinical high risk for psychosis: a meta-analysis.Translational psychiatry · 2022Pooled it
- Anti-Dementia Drugs for Psychopathology and Cognitive Impairment in Schizophrenia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.The international journal of neuropsychopharmacology · 2018Pooled it
- Quality of life in schizophrenia: Symptomatic markers of improvement over time.Psychiatric rehabilitation journal · 2026Trial
- Trial
- Temporal Analysis of Patient-Centered Sentiment in Clinical Notes for Patients With Mental Health Conditions: Retrospective Cohort Study.Journal of medical Internet research · 2026Article
- The role of microRNAs in executive functions: a comprehensive review and bioinformatics analysis of human and animal studies.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Review
- Cross-linguistic benchmarking of NLP metrics for psychosis research.NPJ digital medicine · 2026Article
- A Framework for Advancing Mechanistic Neurobehavioral Biomarkers in Psychiatry.Biological psychiatry · 2026Review
- Influence of Sex and Diagnosis on Clinical Variables and Neurocognitive Performance in Severe Mental Illness. Results From the PsyCourse Study.Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica · 2026Article
- Individualized cortical gradient and network topology reveal symptom-linked disruptions and neurobiological subtypes in schizophrenia.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Audio Visual Assisted Therapy Aid for Refractory Auditory Hallucinations (AVATAR) therapy for voice hearers: systematic review and meta-analysis.BJPsych open · 2026Review
- Polygenic scores for executive functioning as predictors of performance improvements after repeated testing in major psychiatric disorders.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Changes in quality of life among people with psychosis and their caregivers participating in a community-based rehabilitation intervention in Malawi: A mixed-methods analysis.PLOS mental health · 2026Article
- Arabic validation and adaptation of the Screen for Cognitive Impairment in Psychiatry (SCIP-A) in university students: a pilot study.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Article
- Development and administration of the flexible adapted cognitive test battery for schizophrenia (FACTS).Schizophrenia research. Cognition · 2025Article
- Responses to the AUDIT questionnaire in the population-based Tromsø surveys as predictor of a diagnosis of alcohol use disorder in Norwegian central health registries-an NCDNOR study.European journal of public health · 2025Article
- Connectome-based predictive modeling of early and chronic psychosis symptoms.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2025Article
- Associations between clozapine availability, the diagnosis of treatment-resistant schizophrenia subgroups, antipsychotic monotherapy, and concomitant psychotropics among patients with schizophrenia: a real-world nationwide study.The international journal of neuropsychopharmacology · 2025Article
31 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Despite several decades of research, our knowledge of the long-term course of schizophrenia (SZ) is hampered by a lack of homogeneity of both research methods and phenotypic definitions of SZ's course. We provide a comprehensive review of the course of SZ by applying stringent methodological and diagnostic study-selection criteria. We report on positive and negative symptoms, cognition, and findings obtained by neuroimaging. In addition, we perform a meta-analysis of longitudinal studies of cognition in humans. We selected 35 human studies focusing on a narrow SZ phenotype, employing a follow-up duration of six months or more and consistent methodology at the different measurement points. For the meta-analysis on global cognitive change, eight and four studies were used to compare SZ to healthy and psychiatric controls, respectively. We find that the course of SZ is characterized by a constancy or even improvement of positive and negative symptoms and by fairly stable cognitive impairment, reflecting structural frontal and temporal cortical pathology. Progressive changes of the frontal cortex appear to develop in parallel with changes in symptomatology and executive impairment. Despite stable differences in cognition between patients and controls over the time intervals studied, high heterogeneity in the magnitude of effect sizes is present, and age is identified as one of its potential sources. Meta-regression shows these magnitudes to depend on the age at study inclusion. For future research, a combination of longitudinal and cross-sectional research designs is warranted to better account for potential cohort effects.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.