Evidence map›Paper›PMID 26952506›Full record

ReviewPediatrics2016

State of the Art Review: Poverty and the Developing Brain.

Sara B Johnson, Jenna L Riis, Kimberly G Noble

Abstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Pediatrics, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 253 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
253citing papers in PubMed, 3 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

253 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Pooled it
  4. Trial
  5. Trial
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  7. Trial
  8. Hippocampal volume and depression among young children.Psychiatry research. Neuroimaging · 2019
    Trial
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Review
  12. Predicting 18-month M-CHAT-R/F With PediaTracJournal of autism and developmental disorders · 2026
    Article
  13. Article
  14. Annual Research Review: Early conduct problems - precursors, outcomes, and etiology.Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines · 2026
    Review
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Review
  19. Income insufficiency impacts early brain development in infants facing increased psychosocial adversity: A network-based approach.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026
    Article
  20. Article

193 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Sara B JohnsonDepartment of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Population Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland; and sjohnson@jhu.edu.
Jenna L RiisDepartment of Population Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland; and.
Kimberly G NobleDepartment of Neuroscience and Education, Teachers College, Columbia University, New York, New York.

Funding

Environment, Psychosocial Stress and Self-regulatory DevelopmentK01DA027229 · NIDA · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI JOHNSON, SARA B. · 2010 to 2014
$692k
NIDA NIH HHS K01 DA027229
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

In the United States, >40% of children are either poor or near-poor. As a group, children in poverty are more likely to experience worse health and more developmental delay, lower achievement, and more behavioral and emotional problems than their more advantaged peers; however, there is broad variability in outcomes among children exposed to similar conditions. Building on a robust literature from animal models showing that environmental deprivation or enrichment shapes the brain, there has been increasing interest in understanding how the experience of poverty may shape the brain in humans. In this review, we summarize research on the relationship between socioeconomic status and brain development, focusing on studies published in the last 5 years. Drawing on a conceptual framework informed by animal models, we highlight neural plasticity, epigenetics, material deprivation (eg, cognitive stimulation, nutrient deficiencies), stress (eg, negative parenting behaviors), and environmental toxins as factors that may shape the developing brain. We then summarize the existing evidence for the relationship between child poverty and brain structure and function, focusing on brain areas that support memory, emotion regulation, and higher-order cognitive functioning (ie, hippocampus, amygdala, prefrontal cortex) and regions that support language and literacy (ie, cortical areas of the left hemisphere). We then consider some limitations of the current literature and discuss the implications of neuroscience concepts and methods for interventions in the pediatric medical home.

Indexed as

PovertyBrainChildEnvironmental ExposureHealth Status DisparitiesHumansMaternal DeprivationSocial ClassStress, PsychologicalUnited States

Identifiers

PMID26952506
PMCPMC4811314

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.