ArticleBMC public health2016
Vitamin D level and its association with adiposity among multi-ethnic adults in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia: a cross sectional study.
Article in BMC public health, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 54 citations in OpenAlex.
- Vitamin D insufficiency is high in Malaysia: A systematic review and meta-analysis of studies on vitamin D status in Malaysia.Frontiers in nutrition · 2022Pooled it
- Vitamin D supplementation and central adiposity in male shift workers: a randomized clinical trial on metabolic health.Sao Paulo medical journal = Revista paulista de medicina · 2026Trial
- Trial
- Trial
- The landscape of adult obesity in Malaysia: a mapping of evidence and contemporary narrative review.The Lancet regional health. Western Pacific · 2026Review
- Predictors of vitamin D deficiency and quality of life in obese patients with obstructive sleep apnea.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Prevalence and trends of vitamin D deficiency in a Saudi Arabian population: a five-years retrospective study from 2017 to 2021.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Vitamin D-A New Therapeutic Target in the Management of Type 2 Diabetes Patients.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Association of vitamin D levels with anthropometric and adiposity indicators across all age groups: a systematic review of epidemiologic studies.Endocrine connections · 2024Article
- Machine learning-based prediction of vitamin D deficiency: NHANES 2001-2018.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2024Article
- Article
- Vitamin D status and clinical implications in the adult population of Malaysia: a position paper by the Malaysian Vitamin D Special Interest Group.Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA · 2023Review
- Article
- Maternal diet, nutritional status and infant birth weight in Malaysia: a scoping review.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2022Article
- An Update on Vitamin D Deficiency Status in Malaysia.Nutrients · 2022Review
- Article
- Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and its associated risk factors among rural population of the northern part of the Persian Gulf.BMC endocrine disorders · 2021Article
- Impact of vitamin D deficiency on COVID-19.Clinical nutrition ESPEN · 2021Article
- Correlation between Levels of Vitamins DNutrients · 2021Article
- Total vs. Bioavailable: Determining a Better 25(OH)D Index in Association with Bone Density and Muscle Mass in Postmenopausal Women.Metabolites · 2020Article
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundVitamin D deficiency is highly prevalent in both temperate as well as tropical countries. Obesity is one of the factors contributing to vitamin D deficiency. As our country has a high prevalence of overweight and obesity, we aimed to study serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) level and its association with adiposity using various adiposity indicators; and to study other risk factors that affect serum 25(OH)D level among multi-ethnic adults in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
methodsThis was a cross sectional study conducted with a multistage sampling. All permanent teachers working in government secondary schools in Kuala Lumpur were invited for the study. The data collection included serum 25(OH)D, Parathyroid Hormone (PTH), body fat percentage, waist circumference, body mass index (BMI) and blood pressure. Demographic characteristics, sun avoidance, sun exposure and physical activity were enquired from the participants using a self-administered questionnaire. The data was analyzed using a complex sample analysis.
resultsA total of 858 participants were recruited. Majority of them were Malays, females and had tertiary education. The overall prevalence of vitamin D deficiency (<20 ng/ml) was 67.4 %. Indian participants (80.9 %) had the highest proportion of vitamin D deficiency, followed by Malays (75.6 %), others (44.9 %) and Chinese (25.1 %). There was a significant negative association between serum 25(OH)D level with BMI (β = -0.23) and body fat percentage (β = -0.14). In the multivariate linear regression analysis, Malays, Indians and females (p < 0.001); higher BMI and larger waist circumference (p < 0.05) were significantly associated with lower serum 25(OH)D level. The full model explained 32.8 % of the variation between participants in the serum 25(OH)D level. The two most influential factors affecting serum 25(OH)D level were ethnicity and gender.
conclusionsThe prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among our participants was high. Adiposity was associated with serum 25(OH)D level. Skin pigmentation and gender based behaviours were more dominant in contributing to serum 25(OH)D level. Health education should be targeted in weight management, gender based behaviours on sun exposure, as skin pigmentation is non-modifiable.
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