ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2016
Impaired imprinted X chromosome inactivation is responsible for the skewed sex ratio following in vitro fertilization.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
36 citing papers in PubMed, 71 citations in OpenAlex.
- Epigenetic, environmental, and sex-specific programming of long-term health in Assisted Reproductive Technologies-conceived offspring†.Biology of reproduction · 2026Review
- FGF4 initiates X-chromosome inactivation via activating YY1 and prompting loss of pluripotency factors.The EMBO journal · 2026Article
- Impact of sperm fractionation on chromosome positioning, chromatin integrity, DNA methylation, and hydroxymethylation level.Cellular & molecular biology letters · 2025Article
- Sex-biased transcriptome in in vitro produced bovine early embryos.Cell & bioscience · 2025Article
- An ancient enhancer rapidly evolving in the human lineage promotes neural development and cognitive flexibility.Science advances · 2025Article
- Predictive Ability of an Objective and Time-Saving Blastocyst Scoring Model on Live Birth.Biomedicines · 2025Article
- Cell type- and factor-specific nonsense-mediated RNA decay.Nucleic acids research · 2025Article
- Sexually dimorphic gene expression responses of bovine embryos to the maternal microenvironment on day 13 of gestation.BMC genomics · 2025Article
- Prenatal alcohol exposure is associated with altered feto-placental blood flow and sex-specific placental changes.JCI insight · 2025Article
- Culture media affect sex after IVF treatment-a detailed analysis of explanatory variables.Journal of assisted reproduction and genetics · 2024Article
- Cardiovascular health of offspring conceived by assisted reproduction technology: a comprehensive review.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2024Review
- Perinatal complications and neonatal outcomes inFrontiers in endocrinology · 2024Article
- Modeling X-chromosome inactivation and reactivation during human development.Current opinion in genetics & development · 2023Review
- The X-factor in ART: does the use of assisted reproductive technologies influence DNA methylation on the X chromosome?Human genomics · 2023Article
- Article
- X-chromosome inactivation patterns depend on age and tissue but not conception method in humans.Chromosome research : an international journal on the molecular, supramolecular and evolutionary aspects of chromosome biology · 2023Article
- Mitochondrial genome undergoes de novo DNA methylation that protects mtDNA against oxidative damage during the peri-implantation window.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2022Article
- Regulation of both transcription and RNA turnover contribute to germline specification.Nucleic acids research · 2022Article
- Ablation of theFrontiers in endocrinology · 2022Article
- RHOX10 drives mouse spermatogonial stem cell establishment through a transcription factor signaling cascade.Cell reports · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
20 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Dynamic epigenetic reprogramming occurs during normal embryonic development at the preimplantation stage. Erroneous epigenetic modifications due to environmental perturbations such as manipulation and culture of embryos during in vitro fertilization (IVF) are linked to various short- or long-term consequences. Among these, the skewed sex ratio, an indicator of reproductive hazards, was reported in bovine and porcine embryos and even human IVF newborns. However, since the first case of sex skewing reported in 1991, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. We reported herein that sex ratio is skewed in mouse IVF offspring, and this was a result of female-biased peri-implantation developmental defects that were originated from impaired imprinted X chromosome inactivation (iXCI) through reduced ring finger protein 12 (Rnf12)/X-inactive specific transcript (Xist) expression. Compensation of impaired iXCI by overexpression of Rnf12 to up-regulate Xist significantly rescued female-biased developmental defects and corrected sex ratio in IVF offspring. Moreover, supplementation of an epigenetic modulator retinoic acid in embryo culture medium up-regulated Rnf12/Xist expression, improved iXCI, and successfully redeemed the skewed sex ratio to nearly 50% in mouse IVF offspring. Thus, our data show that iXCI is one of the major epigenetic barriers for the developmental competence of female embryos during preimplantation stage, and targeting erroneous epigenetic modifications may provide a potential approach for preventing IVF-associated complications.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.