ArticleIntensive care medicine2016
CAESAR: a new tool to assess relatives' experience of dying and death in the ICU.
Article in Intensive care medicine, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Risk factors for complicated grief among family members bereaved in intensive care unit settings: A systematic review.PloS one · 2022Pooled it
- Effect of a condolence letter on grief symptoms among relatives of patients who died in the ICU: a randomized clinical trial.Intensive care medicine · 2017Trial
- Development and validation of a post-ICU syndrome in family caregivers scale (PICS-F Scale).BMC nursing · 2026Article
- Relatives' experiences of end-of-life care and organ donation after controlled circulatory death: a national prospective multicenter study.Critical care (London, England) · 2025Article
- Post-Intensive Care Syndrome in Pediatric Neurovascular Patients: A Qualitative Study of Parent Experiences.Cureus · 2025Article
- Risk Factors of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Symptom Trajectories for ICU Bereaved Family Members.Annals of the American Thoracic Society · 2025Article
- How bereaved families conceptualise good care and communication in intensive care in South Australia.BMC health services research · 2024Article
- Prediction of post-traumatic stress disorder in family members of ICU patients: a machine learning approach.Intensive care medicine · 2024Article
- Article
- Giving a voice to patients at high risk of dying in the intensive care unit: a multiple source approach.Intensive care medicine · 2023Article
- Temporal reciprocal relationships among anxiety, depression, and posttraumatic stress disorder for family surrogates from intensive care units over their first two bereavement years.BMC psychiatry · 2023Observational
- Communication with bereaved family members after death in the ICU: the CATHARTIC randomised clinical trial.Critical care and resuscitation : journal of the Australasian Academy of Critical Care Medicine · 2022Article
- ICU bereaved surrogates' comorbid psychological-distress states and their associations with prolonged grief disorder.Critical care (London, England) · 2022Observational
- "A Delicate balance"-Perceptions and Experiences of ICU Physicians and Nurses Regarding Controlled Donation After Circulatory Death. A Qualitative Study.Transplant international : official journal of the European Society for Organ Transplantation · 2022Article
- End of life in the critically ill patient: evaluation of experience of end of life by caregivers (EOLE study).Annals of intensive care · 2021Article
- Evaluating satisfaction with the quality and provision of end-of-life care for patients from diverse ethnocultural backgrounds.BMC palliative care · 2021Observational
- Course and predictors of posttraumatic stress-related symptoms among family members of deceased ICU patients during the first year of bereavement.Critical care (London, England) · 2021Observational
- Ten reasons for focusing on the care we provide for family members of critically ill patients with COVID-19.Intensive care medicine · 2021Article
- Palliative Care Principles and Anesthesiology Clinical Practice: Current Perspectives.Journal of multidisciplinary healthcare · 2021Review
- Assessing physicians' and nurses' experience of dying and death in the ICU: development of the CAESAR-P and the CAESAR-N instruments.Critical care (London, England) · 2020Article
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Authors and funding
38 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeTo develop an instrument designed specifically to assess the experience of relatives of patients who die in the intensive care unit (ICU).
methodsThe instrument was developed using a mixed methodology and validated in a prospective multicentre study. Relatives of patients who died in 41 ICUs completed the questionnaire by telephone 21 days after the death, then completed the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Impact of Event Scale-Revised and Inventory of Complicated Grief after 3, 6, and 12 months.
resultsA total of 600 relatives were included, 475 in the main cohort and 125 in the reliability cohort. The 15-item questionnaire, named CAESAR, covered the patient's preferences and values, interactions with/around the patient and family satisfaction. We defined three groups based on CAESAR score tertiles: lowest (≤59, n = 107, 25.9 %), middle (n = 185, 44.8 %) and highest (≥69, n = 121, 29.3 %). Factorial analysis showed a single dimension. Cronbach's alpha in the main and reliability cohorts was 0.88 (0.85-0.90) and 0.85 (0.79-0.89), respectively. Compared to a high CAESAR score, a low CAESAR score was associated with greater risks of anxiety and depression at 3 months [1.29 (1.13-1.46), p = 0.001], post-traumatic stress-related symptoms at 3 [1.34 (1.17-1.53), p < 0.001], 6 [OR = 1.24 (1.06-1.44), p = 0.008] and 12 [OR = 1.26 (1.06-1.50), p = 0.01] months and complicated grief at 6 [OR = 1.40 (1.20-1.63), p < 0.001] and 12 months [OR = 1.27 (1.06-1.52), p = 0.01].
conclusionsThe CAESAR score 21 days after death in the ICU is strongly associated with post-ICU burden in the bereaved relatives. The CAESAR score should prove a useful primary endpoint in trials of interventions to improve relatives' well-being.
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