ArticleJournal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine2016
Nocturnal Hot Flashes: Relationship to Objective Awakenings and Sleep Stage Transitions.
Article in Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. It is linked to trial NCT01116401 (Impact of Experimentally Induced Hot Flashes on Sleep and Mood Disturbance), which is not on this map. Cited by 19 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Impact of Experimentally Induced Hot Flashes on Sleep and Mood Disturbance
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 38 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effects of oral versus transdermal menopausal hormone treatments on self-reported sleep domains and their association with vasomotor symptoms in recently menopausal women enrolled in the Kronos Early Estrogen Prevention Study (KEEPS).Menopause (New York, N.Y.) · 2018Trial
- Trial
- Subjective menopausal hot flashes in sleep disturbance: does the timing of hot flashes matter?Menopause (New York, N.Y.) · 2026Article
- Insomnia and women: exploring vulnerability, impact, and intervention.Sleep & breathing = Schlaf & Atmung · 2026Review
- Adverse Cardiometabolic Impacts of Sleep Fragmentation and Estradiol Suppression: An Experimental Model of Menopause.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2026Article
- Is Anxiety Associated with Vasomotor Symptoms in Postmenopausal Women with Insomnia Complaints?Sleep science (Sao Paulo, Brazil) · 2025Article
- Sleep Disturbance and Perimenopause: A Narrative Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Effects of menopause on temperature regulation.Temperature (Austin, Tex.) · 2025Review
- Insomnia in Postmenopausal Women: How to Approach and Treat It?Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Review
- Effects of Sleep Fragmentation and Estradiol Decline on Cortisol in a Human Experimental Model of Menopause.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2023Article
- Optimizing sleep across the menopausal transition.Climacteric : the journal of the International Menopause Society · 2023Article
- Hot flashes, insomnia, and the reproductive stages: a cross-sectional observation of women from the EPISONO study.Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine · 2021Article
- Investigation of the relationship between hot flashes, sweating and sleep quality in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women: the mediating effect of anxiety and depression.BMC women's health · 2021Article
- Hot flashes and awakenings among midlife women.Sleep · 2019Article
- Symptoms of menopause - global prevalence, physiology and implications.Nature reviews. Endocrinology · 2018Review
- Sleep problems during the menopausal transition: prevalence, impact, and management challenges.Nature and science of sleep · 2018Review
- Sleep Trajectories Before and After the Final Menstrual Period in The Study of Women's Health Across the Nation (SWAN).Current sleep medicine reports · 2017Article
- Big data in sleep medicine: prospects and pitfalls in phenotyping.Nature and science of sleep · 2017Article
- Menstrual cycle-related variation in autonomic nervous system functioning in women in the early menopausal transition with and without insomnia disorder.Psychoneuroendocrinology · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issuedErratum.2016
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
STUDY
objectivesWhile women report sleep interruption secondary to nighttime hot flashes, the sleep disrupting impact of nocturnal hot flashes (HF) is not well characterized. We utilized a model of induced HF to investigate the relationship of nighttime HF to sleep architecture and sleep-stage transitions.
methodsTwenty-eight healthy, premenopausal volunteers received the depot gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa) leuprolide to rapidly induce menopause, manifesting with HF. Sleep disruption was measured on 2 polysomnograms conducted before and after 4-5 weeks on leuprolide, when HF had developed.
results165 HF episodes were recorded objectively during 48 sleep studies (mean 3.4 HF/night). After standardizing to sleep-stage time distribution, the majority of HF were recorded during wake (51.0%) and stage N1 (18.8%). Sixty-six percent of HF occurred within 5 minutes of an awakening, with 80% occurring just before or during the awakening. Objective HF were not associated with sleep disruption as measured by increased transitions to wake or N1, but self-reported nocturnal HF correlated with an increase from pre- to post-leuprolide in the rate of transitions to wake (p = 0.01), and to N1 (p = 0.008).
conclusionsBy isolating the effect of HF on sleep in women without the confound of age-related sleep changes associated with natural menopause, this experimental model shows that HF arise most commonly during N1 and wake, typically preceding or occurring simultaneously with wake episodes. Perception of HF, but not objective HF, is linked to increased sleep-stage transitions, suggesting that sleep disruption increases awareness of and memory for nighttime HF events. CLINICAL
trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01116401.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.