ArticleOphthalmology2016
Oral Contraceptive Use and Prevalence of Self-Reported Glaucoma or Ocular Hypertension in the United States.
Article in Ophthalmology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 34 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Association of Female Reproductive Factors with Glaucoma and Related Traits: A Systematic Review.Ophthalmology. GlaucomaPooled it
- Oral contraceptive use and intraocular pressure: findings from a population-based cross-sectional study.BMC ophthalmology · 2025Article
- The Association Between Intermittent Fasting and Glaucoma.Journal of glaucoma · 2025Article
- Article
- Similar but Distinct Comorbidity Patterns Between Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Endometriosis in Korean Women: A Nationwide Cohort Study.Journal of Korean medical science · 2024Article
- Multi-omics reveal the metabolic patterns in mouse cumulus cells during oocyte maturation.Journal of ovarian research · 2023Article
- Girl Power in Glaucoma: The Role of Estrogen in Primary Open Angle Glaucoma.Cellular and molecular neurobiology · 2022Review
- The Effects of Sex, Oral Contraception, and Menstrual Cycle Phase on Intraocular Pressure, Central Corneal Thickness, and Foveal Thickness: A Descriptive Analysis.Vision (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Interaction between postmenopausal hormone therapy and diabetes on cataract.Menopause (New York, N.Y.) · 2020Article
- Widespread sex dimorphism in aging and age-related diseases.Human genetics · 2020Review
- Epidemiology of uveitis in a US population-based study.Journal of ophthalmic inflammation and infection · 2018Article
- Testosterone Pathway Genetic Polymorphisms in Relation to Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma: An Analysis in Two Large Datasets.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2018Article
- The Association between Female Reproductive Factors and Open-Angle Glaucoma in Korean Women: The Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey V.Journal of ophthalmology · 2018Article
- Characterizing the "POAGome": A bioinformatics-driven approach to primary open-angle glaucoma.Progress in retinal and eye research · 2017Review
- Age at natural menopause genetic risk score in relation to age at natural menopause and primary open-angle glaucoma in a US-based sample.Menopause (New York, N.Y.) · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 6 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
purposeTo investigate the association between oral contraceptive (OC) use and glaucoma prevalence in the United States.
designCross-sectional study.
participantsA total of 3406 female participants, aged 40 years or older, from the 2005 to 2008 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, who reported a presence or absence of glaucoma or ocular hypertension completed both the vision and the reproductive health questionnaires and underwent eye examinations.
methodsMultivariate regression analysis was used to assess the correlation between OC use and self-reported glaucoma or ocular hypertension (n = 231 cases), controlling for potential confounders, including age, ethnicity, systemic comorbidities such as hypertension and stroke, ocular diseases such as cataract and diabetic retinopathy, and reproductive health factors, including age at menopause, age at menarche, history of hormone replacement therapy, and gynecological surgical history.
main outcome measuresThe outcome variable was self-reported glaucoma or ocular hypertension.
resultsAfter adjusting for confounders, those with ≥3 years of OC use had greater odds (odds ratio, 1.94; 95% confidence interval, 1.22-3.07) of self-reported glaucoma or ocular hypertension. Other factors associated with higher glaucoma or ocular hypertension prevalence included older age, African American race, and later age at menarche.
conclusionsOral contraceptive use may be associated with increased risk of self-reported glaucoma or ocular hypertension.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.