Evidence map›Paper›PMID 26948122›Full record

ReviewNeurobiology of learning and memory2016

Mini-review: Prediction errors, attention and associative learning.

Peter C Holland, Felipe L Schiffino

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Neurobiology of learning and memory, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 41 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
41citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

41 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. A Theoretical Framework for Studying the Phenomenon of Gaslighting.Personality and social psychology review : an official journal of the Society for Personality and Social Psychology, Inc · 2026
    Review
  3. A brief history of dopamine prediction errors.Frontiers in computational neuroscience · 2026
    Review
  4. Reduction in Reward-Driven Behavior Depends on the Basolateral But Not Central Nucleus of the Amygdala in Female Rats.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2025
    Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. An associative account of collective learning.Royal Society open science · 2025
    Article
  9. Review
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Review
  14. Review
  15. Review
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Cerebellum and Emotion Memory.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2022
    Article
  19. Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Peter C HollandJohns Hopkins University, USA. Electronic address: pch@jhu.edu.
Felipe L SchiffinoJohns Hopkins University, USA.

Funding

Amygdala Systems in Associative LearningR37MH053667 · NIMH · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI HOLLAND, PETER C · 2007 to 2014
$3.1M
Role of amygdala systems in associative learningR01MH053667 · NIMH · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI HOLLAND, PETER C · 1995 to 2005
$2.2M
NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH053667NIMH NIH HHS R37 MH053667
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Most modern theories of associative learning emphasize a critical role for prediction error (PE, the difference between received and expected events). One class of theories, exemplified by the Rescorla-Wagner (1972) model, asserts that PE determines the effectiveness of the reinforcer or unconditioned stimulus (US): surprising reinforcers are more effective than expected ones. A second class, represented by the Pearce-Hall (1980) model, argues that PE determines the associability of conditioned stimuli (CSs), the rate at which they may enter into new learning: the surprising delivery or omission of a reinforcer enhances subsequent processing of the CSs that were present when PE was induced. In this mini-review we describe evidence, mostly from our laboratory, for PE-induced changes in the associability of both CSs and USs, and the brain systems involved in the coding, storage and retrieval of these altered associability values. This evidence favors a number of modifications to behavioral models of how PE influences event processing, and suggests the involvement of widespread brain systems in animals' responses to PE.

Indexed as

AnimalsAssociation LearningAttentionBrainConditioning, ClassicalHumansAssociabilityAssociative learningAttentionPearce–Hall modelPrediction error

Identifiers

PMID26948122
PMCPMC4862921

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
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Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.