Evidence map›Paper›PMID 26947460›Full record

ReviewThe journal of allergy and clinical immunology. In practice

Exposure and Health Effects of Fungi on Humans.

Sachin N Baxi, Jay M Portnoy, Désirée Larenas-Linnemann, Wanda Phipatanakul, Environmental Allergens Workgroup

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in The journal of allergy and clinical immunology. In practice. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 93 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
93citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

93 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Review
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Plant MicrofungiInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2026
    Article
  8. Article
  9. Review
  10. Article
  11. Observational
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. INdoor Home Air Level Exploration (INHALE) Study: Protocol to Monitor Indoor Pollution in British Dwellings.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025
    Article
  15. Review
  16. MicrofungusCells · 2025
    Article
  17. Indoor and Outdoor Fungal Allergens and Impacts on Respiratory Allergic Disease.The journal of allergy and clinical immunology. In practice · 2025
    Review
  18. Indoor bioaerosols and asthma: Overview, implications, and mitigation strategies.The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology · 2025
    Review
  19. Article
  20. Article

33 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Sachin N BaxiBoston Children's Hospital, Boston, Mass.
Jay M PortnoyChildren's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, Mo.
Désirée Larenas-LinnemannHospital Médica Sur, Mexico City, Mexico.
Wanda PhipatanakulBoston Children's Hospital, Boston, Mass. Electronic address: wanda.phipatanakul@childrens.harvard.edu.
Environmental Allergens Workgroup

Funding

SICAS- Diversity SupplementU01AI110397 · NIAID · BOSTON CHILDREN'S HOSPITAL · PI PHIPATANAKUL, WANDA · 2015 to 2020
$8.8M
Midcareer Investigator Award: Urban School Allergen Exposures and Childhood AsthmK24AI106822 · NIAID · BOSTON CHILDREN'S HOSPITAL · PI PHIPATANAKUL, WANDA · 2013 to 2022
$1.9M
NIAID NIH HHS K24 AI106822NIAID NIH HHS U01 AI110397
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Fungi are ubiquitous microorganisms that are present in outdoor and indoor environments. Previous research has found relationships between environmental fungal exposures and human health effects. We reviewed recent articles focused on fungal exposure and dampness as risk factors for respiratory disease development, symptoms, and hypersensitivity. In particular, we reviewed the evidence suggesting that early exposure to dampness or fungi is associated with the development of asthma and increased asthma morbidity. Although outdoor exposure to high concentrations of spores can cause health effects such as asthma attacks in association with thunderstorms, most people appear to be relatively unaffected unless they are sensitized to specific genera. Indoor exposure and dampness, however, appears to be associated with an increased risk of developing asthma in young children and asthma morbidity in individuals who have asthma. These are important issues because they provide a rationale for interventions that might be considered for homes and buildings in which there is increased fungal exposure. In addition to rhinitis and asthma, fungus exposure is associated with a number of other illnesses including allergic bronchopulmonary mycoses, allergic fungal sinusitis, and hypersensitivity pneumonitis. Additional research is necessary to establish causality and evaluate interventions for fungal- and dampness-related health effects.

Indexed as

Air PollutantsAir Pollution, IndoorAllergensEnvironmental ExposureFungiHumansHypersensitivityRisk FactorsAir PollutantsAllergensAsthmaFungusHealth effectsHypersensitivityMold

Identifiers

PMID26947460
PMCPMC4861659

What OpenQuestion holds

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Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.