Evidence map›Paper›PMID 26946957›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2016

Discovery of a Biological Mechanism of Active Transport through the Tympanic Membrane to the Middle Ear.

Arwa Kurabi, Kwang K Pak, Marlen Bernhardt, Andrew Baird, Allen F Ryan

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
18citing papers in PubMed
3.0field-weighted citation impact, top 9% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

18 citing papers in PubMed, 32 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Review
  2. Article
  3. Dynamic Nanopeptide Assemblies for Trans-Tympanic Drug Delivery.International journal of nanomedicine · 2025
    Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Review
  10. Article
  11. Panel 1: Biotechnology, biomedical engineering and new models of otitis media.International journal of pediatric otorhinolaryngology · 2020
    Review
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Getting Drugs Across Biological Barriers.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2017
    Review
  17. Review
  18. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.

Arwa KurabiUniversity of California San Diego, Department of Surgery/Otolaryngology, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
Kwang K PakUniversity of California San Diego, Department of Surgery/Otolaryngology, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
Marlen BernhardtUniversity of California San Diego, Department of Surgery/Otolaryngology, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
Andrew BairdUniversity of California San Diego, Department of Surgery/Trauma, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
Allen F RyanUniversity of California San Diego, Department of Surgery/Otolaryngology, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
University of California, San Diego · USVA San Diego Healthcare System · US

Funding

Middle ear responses in Otitis MediaR01DC000129 · NIDCD · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI RYAN, ALLEN F. · 1989 to 2021
$6.8M
Innovative therapy for diseases of the middle earR01DC012595 · NIDCD · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI RYAN, ALLEN F. · 2012 to 2023
$3.3M
NIDCD NIH HHS DC000129NIDCD NIH HHS DC012595NIDCD NIH HHS R01 DC000129NIDCD NIH HHS R01 DC012595
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Otitis media (OM) is a common pediatric disease for which systemic antibiotics are often prescribed. While local treatment would avoid the systemic treatment side-effects, the tympanic membrane (TM) represents an impenetrable barrier unless surgically breached. We hypothesized that the TM might harbor innate biological mechanisms that could mediate trans-TM transport. We used two M13-bacteriophage display biopanning strategies to search for mediators of trans-TM transport. First, aliquots of linear phage library displaying 10(10th) 12mer peptides were applied on the TM of rats with active bacterial OM. The middle ear (ME) contents were then harvested, amplified and the preparation re-applied for additional rounds. Second, the same naïve library was sequentially screened for phage exhibiting TM binding, internalization and then transit. Results revealed a novel set of peptides that transit across the TM to the ME in a time and temperature dependent manner. The peptides with highest transport capacities shared sequence similarities. Historically, the TM was viewed as an impermeable barrier. However, our studies reveal that it is possible to translocate peptide-linked small particles across the TM. This is the first comprehensive biopanning for the isolation of TM transiting peptidic ligands. The identified mechanism offers a new drug delivery platform into the ME.

Indexed as

AnimalsBiological Transport, ActiveEar, MiddleMalePeptidesRats, Sprague-DawleyTympanic MembranePeptides

Identifiers

PMID26946957
PMCPMC4780071
OpenAlexW2296756579

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.