ArticleSubstance abuse treatment, prevention, and policy2016
Recruitment to doping and help-seeking behavior of eight female AAS users.
Article in Substance abuse treatment, prevention, and policy, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 59 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effects of Anabolic Androgenic Steroids on the Reproductive System of Athletes and Recreational Users: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2017Pooled it
- Prevalence of AAS-Positive Samples at Drug Abuse Laboratory Sweden Between 2014 and 2023 and Sub-Study of Dual Use of AAS and Narcotics.Drug testing and analysis · 2025Article
- Psychological traits associated with anabolic androgenic steroid use and dependence: an exploratory cross-sectional study among female athletes.BMC women's health · 2025Article
- Prevalence and Correlates of Anabolic-Androgenic Steroid Use in Australian Adolescents.Nutrients · 2025Article
- Lived experiences of closeness to a person using Anabolic androgenic steroids a next of kin perspective.International journal of qualitative studies on health and well-being · 2024Article
- Review
- The role of sympathetic innervation in neonatal muscle growth and neuromuscular contractures.The FEBS journal · 2023Article
- Female doping: observations from a data lake study in the Hospital District of Helsinki and Uusimaa, Finland.BMC women's health · 2023Article
- Anabolic-Androgenic Steroid Use: Patterns of Use among a National Sample of Canadian Adolescents and Young Adults.Performance enhancement & health · 2023Article
- Review
- Article
- Men´s experiences of using anabolic androgenic steroids.International journal of qualitative studies on health and well-being · 2021Article
- Aggression and Psychological Distress in Male and Female Anabolic-Androgenic Steroid Users: A Multigroup Latent Class Analysis.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2021Article
- A Summary of Online Enquiries Submitted to Anti-doping Hotline 2005-2018.Frontiers in reproductive health · 2021Article
- Women's Experiences of Using Anabolic Androgenic Steroids.Frontiers in sports and active living · 2021Article
- Anabolic androgenic steroid abuse in the United Kingdom: An update.British journal of pharmacology · 2020Review
- The Anabolic Androgenic Steroid Treatment Gap: A National Study of Substance Use Disorder Treatment.Substance abuse : research and treatment · 2020Article
- Treatments for people who use anabolic androgenic steroids: a scoping review.Harm reduction journal · 2019Article
- Immunodeficiency as a side effect of anabolic androgenic steroid abuse: a case of necrotizing myofasciitis.Forensic science, medicine, and pathology · 2019Article
- Use of growth hormone, IGF-I, and insulin for anabolic purpose: Pharmacological basis, methods of detection, and adverse effects.Molecular and cellular endocrinology · 2018Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundDoping with anabolic androgenic steroids in sports has now developed to a widespread use of these agents among young people outside the sport. This is of major concern to the society. The purpose of the use is mainly for aesthetic reasons and is seen as a male phenomenon. But use also occurs in women where the knowledge is scarce. Our aim was to identify the pattern of doping agents in eight female cases and compare them with similar data from men.
methodsEight female users were recruited through Anti-Doping Hot-Line, a national telephone counseling service on doping issues during the years 1998-2004. The use was confirmed with urine doping analysis at the Doping Laboratory. The characteristic of use, co-use of narcotics/other doping agents, exercise pattern, adverse-side effects, family history and reason to begin was evaluated.
resultsThe women used on average 1.9 different anabolic androgenic steroids and clenbuterol preparations. Ephedrine and growth hormone were co-used in five and one of the women, respectively. Three women reported co-use of narcotics (cannabis and cocaine). The average duration of anabolic agent use before contacting health care was 58 weeks (range 7-104). Side effects for anabolic androgenic steroids (n = 5) included voice changes, clitoral enlargement, body hair growth, whereas women using clenbuterol (n = 2) reported tachycardia and depression. All women except one had a man in close relationship encouraging them to begin with the doping agents.
conclusionsThe use of doping agents in our eight women was different from that in male users. The women used less doping agents and were more prone to contact the health care, at an earlier stage, probably due to the adverse effects. The co-use with ephedrine, growth hormone and cannabis appeared to be in the same range as in men. This is the first study showing that a man in close relationship may motivate a woman to use anabolic agents.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.