Evidence map›Paper›PMID 26944070›Full record

ArticleChronic respiratory disease2016

Discriminant validity of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Beck Depression Inventory (II) and Beck Anxiety Inventory to confirmed clinical diagnosis of depression and anxiety in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Tina Phan, Owen Carter, Claire Adams, Grant Waterer, Li Ping Chung, Maxine Hawkins, Cobie Rudd, Mel Ziman, Natalie Strobel

Open access · bronzeAbstract readMulticenter Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Chronic respiratory disease, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
31citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
5.4field-weighted citation impact, top 4% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

31 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 69 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Brain modulatory effects of rehabilitation interventions in fibromyalgia: a systematic review of magnetic resonance imaging studies.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2025
    Pooled it
  3. Trial
  4. Trial
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Observational
  11. Article
  12. Nonpharmacological management of psychological distress in people with COPD.European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society · 2023
    Review
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Review
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Observational
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.

Tina PhanSchool of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia t.phan@ecu.edu.au.
Owen CarterOffice of the Deputy Vice-Chancellor (Strategic Partnerships), Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia.
Claire AdamsSchool of Arts and Humanities, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia.
Grant WatererRoyal Perth Hospital and School of Medicine and Pharmacology, The University of Western Australia, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Australia.
Li Ping ChungRespiratory Medicine, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Palmyra DC, Western Australia, Australia.
Maxine HawkinsClinical Psychology, Clear Health Partners, Perth, Australia.
Cobie RuddOffice of the Deputy Vice-Chancellor (Strategic Partnerships), Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia.
Mel ZimanSchool of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia.
Natalie StrobelOffice of the Deputy Vice-Chancellor (Strategic Partnerships), Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia School of Paediatrics and Child Health, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia.
Edith Cowan University · AUFiona Stanley Hospital · AURoyal Perth Hospital · AU

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The objective of this study was to investigate the discriminant validity of commonly used depression and anxiety screening tools in order to determine the most suitable tool for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). COPD patients (n = 56) completed the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II) and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI). These scores were compared to confirmed clinical diagnoses of depression and anxiety using the Mini Neuropsychiatric Interview. HADS depression subscale (HADS-D) sensitivity/specificity was 78/81%; BDI-II 89/77%; HADS anxiety subscale (HADS-A) 71/81%; and BAI 89/62%. HADS-D sensitivity/specificity was improved (100/83%) with the removal of Q4 'I feel as if I am slowed down' and adjusted cut-off (≥5). Removal of BDI-II Q21 'Loss of interest in sex' with adjusted cut-off ≥12 resulted in similar improvement (100/79%). No problematic items were identified for HADS-A or BAI. Previously reported low sensitivity/specificity of the HADS for COPD patients was not replicated. Furthermore, simple modifications of the HADS-D markedly improved sensitivity/specificity for depression.BDI-II, HADS-A and BAI produced acceptable sensitivity/specificity unmodified. Pending further research for COPD patients we recommend continued use of the HADS-A with standard cut-off (≥8) and removal of Q4 of the HADS-D with lower cut-off ≥5.

Indexed as

Psychiatric Status Rating ScalesAgedAged, 80 and overAnxiety DisordersDepressionFemaleFollow-Up StudiesHumansMaleMiddle AgedPulmonary Disease, Chronic ObstructiveReproducibility of ResultsROC CurveSurveys and QuestionnairesanxietyChronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)depressionscreening toolsvalidity

Identifiers

PMID26944070
PMCPMC5720182
OpenAlexW2303506282

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.