ArticleSleep2016
Prevalence and Predictors of Prescription Sleep Aid Use among Individuals with DSM-5 Insomnia: The Role of Hyperarousal.
Article in Sleep, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 46 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Stepped-Care Management of Insomnia: Treatment Choices Guided by a Patient Decision Aid in a Pragmatic Nonrandomized Clinical Trial Setting.Journal of sleep research · 2026Trial
- Hyperarousal and Insomnia in Survivors of Cancer.International journal of behavioral medicine · 2021Trial
- Article
- Association of Recreational Cannabis Legalization with Frequency of Using Cannabis for Sleep.Journal of psychoactive drugs · 2025Article
- Designing work for healthy sleep: A multidimensional, latent transition approach to employee sleep health.Journal of occupational health psychology · 2024Article
- Hyperarousal-state of Insomnia Disorder in Wake-resting State Quantitative Electroencephalography.Clinical psychopharmacology and neuroscience : the official scientific journal of the Korean College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2024Article
- Insomnia Medication Use by University Students: A Systematic Review.Pharmacy (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Toward personalized care for insomnia in the US Army: development of a machine-learning model to predict response to pharmacotherapy.Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine · 2023Article
- Mindfulness-based therapy for insomnia alleviates insomnia, depression, and cognitive arousal in treatment-resistant insomnia: A single-arm telemedicine trial.Frontiers in sleep · 2023Article
- Hazardous use of benzodiazepine receptor agonists in psychiatric clinics in China: electronic prescription database study.BJPsych open · 2022Article
- Temporal relations between peripheral and central arousals in good and poor sleepers.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2022Article
- Association between sleep duration and cardiometabolic factors in adolescents.BMC public health · 2022Article
- Insomnia Treatment Preferences Among Primary Care Patients.Clinical therapeutics · 2022Article
- Internalized Weight Stigma, Psychological Well-Being, and Sleep in Women.International journal of behavioral medicine · 2022Article
- Management of chronic insomnia using hypnotics: a friend or a foe?Sleep and biological rhythms · 2022Review
- Sleep medicine: Practice, challenges and new frontiers.Frontiers in neurology · 2022Review
- The Use of Over-the-Counter Sleep Aid Containing Diphenhydramine Hydrochloride Among Saudis.Cureus · 2021Article
- Article
- Sleep medication use and incident dementia in a nationally representative sample of older adults in the US.Sleep medicine · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
STUDY
objectivesDespite mounting evidence for the overuse of prescription sleep aids (PSA), reliable data on PSA use among insomniacs are unavailable. Current studies focus on trends in PSA use at the general population level, and thus do not distinguish between transient sleep disturbance and insomnia disorder. Therefore, we prospectively examined the prevalence and predictors of baseline and chronic PSA use in a well-defined sample of individuals with insomnia.
methodsWe analyzed longitudinal data from an urban, community-based cohort of 649 adults (48.1 ± 11.6 y; 69.3% female) with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5)-based insomnia disorder. Participants completed standardized measures of sleep disturbance, daytime alertness, depression, and anxiety at baseline and follow-up 1 y later. They also reported whether and with what frequency they used PSA at both time points.
resultsApproximately 19% of the sample used PSA at baseline, the majority (69.4%) of whom continued use 1 y later. Anxiety and daytime alertness were the only independent predictors of both acute and chronic PSA use. An increase of 1 standard deviation (SD) in alertness was associated with a 33% increase in the odds of chronic PSA use (χ(2) = 4.98; odds ratio [OR] = 1.33; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.04-1.72; P < 0.05), and a 1-SD increase in anxiety was associated with a 41% increase (χ(2) = 6.95; OR = 1.41; 95% CI: 1.09-1.82; P < 0.05). Chronic PSA users did not report any significant improvements in sleep from baseline to follow-up relative to nonusers.
conclusionsHyperarousal, as indexed by daytime alertness and anxiety, is a strong determinant of PSA use among individuals with insomnia. These findings are consistent with emerging data showing that insomnia is not just a nocturnal sleep disorder, but one characterized by 24-h arousal. Though current research targets sleep disturbance, this study highlights the role of the arousal system in pharmacological treatment seeking.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.