ArticleHuman vaccines & immunotherapeutics2016
Estimates and determinants of HPV non-vaccination and vaccine refusal in girls 12 to 14 y of age in Canada: Results from the Childhood National Immunization Coverage Survey, 2013.
Article in Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 19 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 36 citations in OpenAlex.
- Are there any sociodemographic factors associated with non-uptake of HPV vaccination of girls in high-income countries with school-based vaccination programmes? A systematic review.Journal of epidemiology and community health · 2025Pooled it
- Resources for assessing parents' vaccine hesitancy: a systematic review of the literature.Journal of preventive medicine and hygiene · 2020Pooled it
- Inflammation-related adverse reactions following vaccination potentially indicate a stronger immune response.Emerging microbes & infections · 2021Trial
- Article
- Sociodemographic correlates of human papillomavirus and hepatitis B vaccination status in Canada: a cross-sectional study.BMJ public health · 2026Article
- Socioeconomic/health-related factors associated with HPV vaccination initiation/completion among females of paediatric age: A systematic review with meta-analysis.Public health in practice (Oxford, England) · 2025Review
- Estimates and determinants of HPV non-vaccination in 14-year-old Canadians: Results from the childhood national immunization coverage survey, 2019.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2024Article
- Factors influencing human papillomavirus school-based immunization in Alberta: A mixed-methods study protocol.PloS one · 2022Article
- Evolution of Public Health Human Papillomavirus Immunization Programs in Canada.Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2021Article
- "Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2021Article
- Rotavirus Infection and Vaccination: Knowledge, Beliefs, and Behaviors among Parents in Italy.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2019Article
- Social Determinants of Health and Human Papillomavirus Vaccination Among Young Adults, National Health Interview Survey 2016.Journal of community health · 2019Article
- Reliability and validity of a survey to identify vaccine hesitancy among parents in Changxing county, Zhejiang province.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2019Article
- Delayed measles vaccination of toddlers in Canada: Associated socio-demographic factors and parental knowledge, attitudes and beliefs.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2018Article
- Article
- Comparing human papillomavirus vaccine concerns on Twitter: a cross-sectional study of users in Australia, Canada and the UK.BMJ open · 2017Article
- No pain no gain? Adjuvant effects of alum and monophosphoryl lipid A in pertussis and HPV vaccines.Current opinion in immunology · 2017Review
- Psychosocial determinants of parental human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine decision-making for sons: Methodological challenges and initial results of a pan-Canadian longitudinal study.BMC public health · 2016Article
- Validation of the vaccine conspiracy beliefs scale.Papillomavirus research (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issuedCorrigendum.2017
Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Since the introduction of HPV vaccination programs in Canada in 2007, coverage has been below public health goals in many provinces and territories. This analysis investigated the determinants of HPV non-vaccination and vaccine refusal. Data from the Childhood National Immunization Coverage Survey (CNICS) 2013 were used to estimate the prevalence of HPV non-vaccination and parental vaccine refusal in girls aged 12-14 years, for Canada and the provinces and territories. Multivariate logistic regression was used to examine factors associated with non-vaccination and vaccine refusal, after adjusting for potential confounders. An estimated 27.7% of 12-14 y old girls had not been vaccinated against HPV, and 14.4% of parents reported refusing the vaccine. The magnitude of non-vaccination and vaccine refusal varied by province or territory and also by responding parent's country of birth. In addition, higher education was associated with a higher risk of refusal of the HPV vaccine. Rates of HPV non-vaccination and of refusal of the HPV vaccine differ and are influenced by different variables. These findings warrant further investigation.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.