Trial reportJournal of the American College of Cardiology2016
Subclinical Cardiovascular Disease and Death, Dementia, and Coronary Heart Disease in Patients 80+ Years.
Trial report in Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT00005133 (The Cardiovascular Health Study), which is not on this map. Cited by 62 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
The Cardiovascular Health Study
Who cites it
62 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 107 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association of cognitive impairment and peripheral artery disease (PAD): A systematic review.Vascular medicine (London, England) · 2025Pooled it
- Yangxin decoction for the treatment of angina pectoris of coronary heart disease: A systematic review of randomized controlled trial.Medicine · 2022Pooled it
- The Relationship of Coronary Artery Calcium and Clinical Coronary Artery Disease with Cognitive Function: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of atherosclerosis and thrombosis · 2020Pooled it
- Effects of early- and mid-life stress on DNA methylation of genes associated with subclinical cardiovascular disease and cognitive impairment: a systematic review.BMC medical genetics · 2019Pooled it
- Coronary Artery Calcium and Cognitive Decline in the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2023Trial
- Examining the Associations between Post-Stroke Cognitive Function and Common Comorbid Conditions among Stroke Survivors.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Trial
- Classification of patients with Alzheimer's disease using the arterial pulse spectrum and a multilayer-perceptron analysis.Scientific reports · 2021Trial
- Age-Related Differences in the Noninvasive Evaluation for Possible Coronary Artery Disease: Insights From the Prospective Multicenter Imaging Study for Evaluation of Chest Pain (PROMISE) Trial.JAMA cardiology · 2020Trial
- Cardiovascular disease and mortality after breast cancer in postmenopausal women: Results from the Women's Health Initiative.PloS one · 2017Trial
- Recent developments and challenges in hypertensive dementia over the past year.Hypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension · 2026Article
- Heart-Brain Axis: Subclinical Cardiovascular Changes and Brain Health.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2026Review
- Cardiovascular Risk as a Moderator of the Relationship Between Plasma Alzheimer Disease Biomarkers and Cognitive Status.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2026Article
- Analysis of the Relationship Between Glycated Hemoglobin and Echocardiographic Parameters in Patients Without Diabetes: A Retrospective Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Impact of coronary artery calcium scores on cardiovascular risk and preventive therapies: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Global cardiology science & practice · 2025Review
- Dementia Deaths Most Commonly Result from Heart and Lung Disease: Evidence from the South Carolina Alzheimer's Disease Registry.Biomedicines · 2025Article
- Associations between glycated haemoglobin and multi-modal imaging markers of early cardiac aging.GeroScience · 2025Observational
- Regional differences in the incidence of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias in South Carolina.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Article
- Serum Biomarkers of Vascular Dysfunction, Neuropsychiatric Symptoms, and Clinical Severity of Alzheimer's Disease: A Cross-sectional Study.Current Alzheimer research · 2025Observational
- Beyond the Heart: The Predictive Role of Coronary Artery Calcium Scoring in Non-Cardiovascular Disease Risk Stratification.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Effect of Population-Level Blood Pressure Treatment Strategies on Cardiovascular and Cognitive Outcomes.Circulation. Cardiovascular quality and outcomes · 2024Article
2 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe successful prevention and treatment of coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke has resulted in a substantial increase in longevity, with subsequent growth in the population of older people at risk for dementia.
objectivesThe authors evaluated the relationship of coronary and other peripheral atherosclerosis to risk of death, dementia, and CHD in the very elderly. Because the extent of vascular disease differs substantially between men and women, sex- and race-specific analyses were included, with a specific focus on women with low coronary artery calcium (CAC) Agatston scores.
methodsWe evaluated the relationship between measures of subclinical cardiovascular disease (CAC, carotid intimal medial thickness, stenosis, and ankle brachial index) and risk of dementia, CHD, and total mortality in 532 participants of the Cardiovascular Health Study-Cognition Study from 1998/1999 (mean age, 80 years) to 2012/2013 (mean age, 93 years).
resultsThirty-six percent of participants had CAC scores >400. Women and African-Americans had lower CAC scores. Few men had low CAC scores. CAC score and number of coronary calcifications were directly related to age-adjusted total mortality and CHD. The age-specific incidence of dementia was higher than for CHD. Only about 25% of deaths were caused by CHD and 16% by dementia. Approximately 64% of those who died had a prior diagnosis of dementia. White women with low CAC scores had a significantly decreased incidence of dementia.
conclusionsIn subjects 80+ years of age, there is a greater incidence of dementia than of CHD. CAC, as a marker of atherosclerosis, is a determinant of mortality, and risk of CHD and myocardial infarction. White women with low CAC scores had a significantly decreased risk of dementia. A very important unanswered question, especially in the very elderly, is whether prevention of atherosclerosis and its complications is associated with less Alzheimer disease pathology and dementia. (Cardiovascular Health Study [CHS]; NCT00005133).
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.