Evidence map›Paper›PMID 26940816›Full record

ArticleInternational journal of behavioral medicine2016

The Prevalence, Attitudes, and Correlates of Waterpipe Smoking Among High School Students in Iran: a Cross-Sectional Study.

Reza Ziaei, Reza Mohammadi, Saeed Dastgiri, Eija Viitasara, Vahab Asl Rahimi, Abolfazl Jeddi, Joaquim Soares

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Article in International journal of behavioral medicine, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 13 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
13citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

13 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
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  5. Determinants of Waterpipe Smoking Among Women: A Systematic Review.International journal of preventive medicine · 2021
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  7. Observational
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Reza ZiaeiDepartment of Health Sciences, Unit for Public Health Science, Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden. Reza.Ziaei@miun.se.ORCID 0000-0001-9780-4192
Reza MohammadiDepartment of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Unit for Family Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
Saeed DastgiriDepartment of Community Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
Eija ViitasaraDepartment of Health Sciences, Unit for Public Health Science, Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden.
Vahab Asl RahimiUnit for Adolescence Health, Province Health Center, Tabriz, Iran.
Abolfazl JeddiUnit for Adolescence Health, Province Health Center, Tabriz, Iran.
Joaquim SoaresDepartment of Health Sciences, Unit for Public Health Science, Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeThe purpose of the present study was to determine the correlates of waterpipe (WP) smoking among 15-17-year-old high school students in Iran.

methodData were collected using the Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS), a self-administrated questionnaire distributed to a representative sample of high school students aged 15-17 in the city of Tabriz. Current WP smoking was defined as past 30-day use, and ever WP smoking was defined as at least one or two lifetime puffs. Differences in WP use, knowledge, and attitudes were analyzed using chi-square and Fisher exact tests. Binary logistic regression estimated the association between relevant independent variables (e.g., age) and the dependent variables (current/ever WP smoking).

resultsOf 1517 students, 21.6 % (95 % confidence interval [CI] = 19.5, 23.8) were ever WP smokers, and 9.7 % (95 % CI = 8.2, 11.2) were current WP smokers. Of current WP smokers, 40.3 % have stated that they want to stop smoking now. Moreover, 14.1 % of non-WP smokers reported that they might enjoy smoking WP. Of current WP smokers, 49.0 % have smoked at cafés. Additionally, 95.3 % of current WP smokers reported that their age did not prevent them from being served a WP. Studying in high school third grade (adjusted odds ratios (AORs) = 1.70; 95 % CI [1.10, 2.63]), experience of cigarette smoking (AORs = 1.57; 95 % CI [1.12, 2.20]), and being prepared to accept a WP offered by close friends (AORs = 3.31; 95 % CI [2.17, 5.04]) were independently associated with ever WP smoking, and accepting a WP offered by close friends (AORs = 4.36; 95 % CI [2.69, 7.07]) and gender (female) (AORs = 0.45; 95 % CI [0.30, 0.70] were independently associated with current WP smoking.

conclusionPrevalence of current and ever WP smoking is high in Tabriz. There is an urgent need to design interventions in order to increase students' and their parents' awareness regarding the harmfulness of WP, and to establish legal measures to restrict adolescents' access to WPs and tobacco in society.

Indexed as

AdolescentAttitudeCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleHumansIranLogistic ModelsMaleOdds RatioParentsPrevalenceSmokingStudentsSurveys and QuestionnairesTobacco Use DisorderGlobal Youth Tobacco SurveyHigh school studentsIranPrevalence of waterpipe/hookah smokingStudent healthWaterpipe/hookah smoking

Identifiers

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.