ArticleBMJ open2016
Point-of-care C reactive protein for the diagnosis of lower respiratory tract infection in NHS primary care: a qualitative study of barriers and facilitators to adoption.
Article in BMJ open, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05286918 (Antibiotic Stewardship Through CRP-guided Antibiotic Treatment for Patients With Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease), which is not on this map. Cited by 55 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Antibiotic Stewardship Through CRP-guided Antibiotic Treatment for Patients With Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (AECOPD)
Who cites it
55 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 98 citations in OpenAlex.
- A systematic review and meta-analysis on diagnostic accuracy of point-of-care C-reactive protein devices for acute respiratory tract infections.Infection · 2026Pooled it
- Point-of-care tests to manage acute respiratory tract infections in primary care: a systematic review and qualitative synthesis of healthcare professional and patient views.The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy · 2025Pooled it
- Improving healthcare professionals' interactions with patients to tackle antimicrobial resistance: a systematic review of interventions, barriers, and facilitators.Frontiers in public health · 2024Pooled it
- Point-of-care testing in primary care: A systematic review on implementation aspects addressed in test evaluations.International journal of clinical practice · 2019Pooled it
- Ambulatory Antibiotic Stewardship through a Human Factors Engineering Approach: A Systematic Review.Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine : JABFMPooled it
- Use of the FebriDx® host-response point-of-care test may reduce antibiotic use for respiratory tract infections in primary care: a mixed-methods feasibility study.The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy · 2024Trial
- C-reactive protein-guided antibiotic prescribing for COPD exacerbations: a qualitative evaluation.The British journal of general practice : the journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners · 2020Trial
- C-reactive protein point-of-care testing for safely reducing antibiotics for acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: the PACE RCT.Health technology assessment (Winchester, England) · 2020Trial
- Trial
- The social role of C-reactive protein point-of-care testing to guide antibiotic prescription in Northern Thailand.Social science & medicine (1982) · 2018Trial
- Trial
- Implementation of C-Reactive Protein Point-of-Care Testing for Respiratory Tract Infections in Primary Care: A Systematic Review Using the RE-AIM Framework.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- From adoption to implementation: paediatricians' experiences with C-reactive protein point-of-care testing in the community setting.JAC-antimicrobial resistance · 2026Article
- Evaluation of the implementation process of POC-CRP devices in managing adults with cough in general practice: insights from a focus group study.Archives of public health = Archives belges de sante publique · 2026Article
- Article
- Capillary CRP in primary care in France: an observational study.BMC primary care · 2025Observational
- Admission Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio Is Superior to WBC Count at Predicting the Presence and Severity of Pediatric Musculoskeletal Infection.The Journal of bone and joint surgery. American volume · 2025Article
- Evaluation of utilisation and consequences of CRP point-of-care-testing in primary care practices: qualitative interviews with GPs from Germany.BJGP open · 2025Article
- Developing a data-enabled nudge intervention for childhood antibiotics in primary care: a qualitative study.BJGP open · 2025Article
- Perception of antimicrobial stewardship interventions in Swiss primary care: a mixed-methods survey.BJGP open · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesPoint-of-care (POC) C reactive protein (CRP) is incorporated in National Institute of Health and Care Excellence (NICE) guidelines for the diagnosis of pneumonia, reduces antibiotic prescribing and is cost effective.
aimTo determine the barriers and facilitators to adoption of POC CRP testing in National Health Service (NHS) primary care for the diagnosis of lower respiratory tract infection.
designThe study followed a qualitative methodology based on grounded theory. The study was undertaken in 2 stages. Stage 1 consisted of semistructured interviews with 8 clinicians from Europe and the UK who use the test in routine practice, and focused on their subjective experience in the challenges of implementing POC CRP testing. Stage 2 was a multidisciplinary-facilitated workshop with NHS stakeholders to discuss barriers to adoption, impact of adoption and potential adoption scenarios. Emergent theme analysis was undertaken.
participantsParticipants included general practitioners (including those with commissioning experience), biochemists, pharmacists, clinical laboratory scientists and industry representatives from the UK and abroad.
resultsBarriers to the implementation of POC CRP exist, but successful adoption has been demonstrated abroad. Analysis highlighted 7 themes: reimbursement and incentivisation, quality control and training, laboratory services, practitioner attitudes and experiences, effects on clinic flow and workload, use in pharmacy and gaps in evidence.
conclusionsSuccessful adoption models from the UK and abroad demonstrate a distinctive pattern and involve collaboration with central laboratory services. Incorporating antimicrobial stewardship into quality improvement frameworks may incentivise adoption. Further research is needed to develop scaling-up strategies to address the resourcing, clinical governance and economic impact of widespread NHS implementation.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.