ArticleBMC genomics2016
Comparative genomic analyses reveal broad diversity in botulinum-toxin-producing Clostridia.
Article in BMC genomics, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 46 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
46 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 83 citations in OpenAlex.
- Guideline
- Review
- Molecular Typing ofFoods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Whole genome sequencing of neurotoxin-producingFrontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Opportunistic Features of Non-Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- SpoIVA is an essential morphogenetic protein for the formation of heat- and lysozyme-resistant spores inFrontiers in microbiology · 2024Article
- Real-time PCR assays that detect genes for botulinum neurotoxin A-G subtypes.Frontiers in microbiology · 2024Article
- Review
- Unintended consequences: Renaming botulinum neurotoxin-producing species of clostridium and related species.Toxicon : official journal of the International Society on Toxinology · 2023Review
- Article
- Genomic Diversity, Competition, and Toxin Production by Group I and IIMicroorganisms · 2022Article
- Selection and Development of Nontoxic NonproteolyticFoods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- First cross-border outbreak of foodborne botulism in the European Union associated with the consumption of commercial dried roach (Frontiers in public health · 2022Article
- Comparative Genomics Provides Insights Into Genetic Diversity ofFrontiers in microbiology · 2022Article
- Article
- Extensive Genome Exploration ofMicroorganisms · 2021Article
- Posttranslational Regulation of Botulinum Neurotoxin Production in Clostridium botulinum Hall A-mSphere · 2021Article
- Mechanism of Ganglioside Receptor Recognition by Botulinum Neurotoxin Serotype E.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Article
- Integration of Complete Plasmids ContainingToxins · 2021Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors at 6 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundClostridium botulinum is a diverse group of bacteria characterized by the production of botulinum neurotoxin. Botulinum neurotoxins are classified into serotypes (BoNT/A-G), which are produced by six species/Groups of Clostridia, but the genetic background of the bacteria remains poorly understood. The purpose of this study was to use comparative genomics to provide insights into the genetic diversity and evolutionary history of bacteria that produce the potent botulinum neurotoxin.
resultsComparative genomic analyses of over 170 Clostridia genomes, including our draft genome assemblies for 59 newly sequenced Clostridia strains from six continents and publicly available genomic data, provided in-depth insights into the diversity and distribution of BoNT-producing bacteria. These newly sequenced strains included Group I and II strains that express BoNT/A,/B,/E, or/F as well as bivalent strains. BoNT-producing Clostridia and closely related Clostridia species were delineated with a variety of methods including 16S rRNA gene, concatenated marker genes, core genome and concatenated multi-locus sequencing typing (MLST) gene phylogenies that related whole genome sequenced strains to publicly available strains and sequence types. These analyses illustrated the phylogenetic diversity in each Group and the diversity of genomic backgrounds that express the same toxin type or subtype. Comparisons of the botulinum neurotoxin genes did not identify novel toxin types or variants.
conclusionsThis study represents one of the most comprehensive analyses of whole genome sequence data for Group I and II BoNT-producing strains. Read data and draft genome assemblies generated for 59 isolates will be a resource to the research community. Core genome phylogenies proved to be a powerful tool for differentiating BoNT-producing strains and can provide a framework for the study of these bacteria. Comparative genomic analyses of Clostridia species illustrate the diversity of botulinum-neurotoxin-producing strains and the plasticity of the genomic backgrounds in which bont genes are found.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.