ArticlePLoS pathogens2016
Integrated and Total HIV-1 DNA Predict Ex Vivo Viral Outgrowth.
Article in PLoS pathogens, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 67 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
67 citing papers in PubMed, 95 citations in OpenAlex.
- Comparative analysis of varicella-zoster virus and herpes simplex virus 1 interaction with epidermal terminal differentiation in primary human keratinocytes models of differentiation.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Similar Changes in Proviral Landscapes Over 10 Years in 40 Individuals With Diverging HIV Reservoir Dynamics and Viral Load Kinetics.Open forum infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Duplex digital PCR assay on microfluidic chamber arrays for total HIV DNA reservoir quantification in persons with HIV.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Retinoic acid enhances HIV-1 reverse transcription and transcription in macrophages via mTOR-modulated mechanisms.Cell reports · 2024Article
- Cannabis Use Associates With Reduced Proviral Burden and Inflammatory Cytokine in Tissues From Men With Clade C HIV-1 on Suppressive Antiretroviral Therapy.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Article
- HIV Reservoir: How to Measure It?Current HIV/AIDS reports · 2023Review
- Characterization of the Viral Reservoirs Among HIV-1 Non-B Vertically Infected Adolescents Receiving Antiretroviral Therapy: Protocol for an Observational and Comparative Study in Cameroon.JMIR research protocols · 2022Article
- HIV-reservoir size is not affected either by HCV coinfection or by direct acting antivirals (DAAs) therapy.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Development of Droplet Digital PCR-Based Assays to Quantify HIV Proviral and Integrated DNA in Brain Tissues from Viremic Individuals with Encephalitis and Virally Suppressed Aviremic Individuals.Microbiology spectrum · 2022Article
- Quantification of Total HIV DNA as a Marker to Measure Viral Reservoir: Methods and Potential Implications for Clinical Practice.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Measuring Proviral HIV-1 DNA: Hurdles and Improvements to an Assay Monitoring Integration Events Utilising HumanLife (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Immune Responses and Viral Persistence in Simian/Human Immunodeficiency Virus SHIV.C.CH848-Infected Rhesus Macaques.Journal of virology · 2021Article
- PCIP-seq: simultaneous sequencing of integrated viral genomes and their insertion sites with long reads.Genome biology · 2021Article
- Increased Proviral DNA in Circulating Cells Correlates with Plasma Viral Rebound in Simian Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Rhesus Macaques after Antiretroviral Therapy Interruption.Journal of virology · 2021Article
- Review
- Mucosal integrin α4β7 blockade fails to reduce the seeding and size of viral reservoirs in SIV-infected rhesus macaques.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2021Article
- Whole blood as an alternative to peripheral blood mononuclear cell for detection of total HIV-1 DNA.BMC infectious diseases · 2020Article
- High CD45 expression of CD8+ and CD4+ T cells correlates with the size of HIV-1 reservoir in blood.Scientific reports · 2020Article
- HIV Infection and Persistence in Pulmonary Mucosal Double Negative T CellsJournal of virology · 2020Article
7 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The persistence of a reservoir of latently infected CD4 T cells remains one of the major obstacles to cure HIV. Numerous strategies are being explored to eliminate this reservoir. To translate these efforts into clinical trials, there is a strong need for validated biomarkers that can monitor the reservoir over time in vivo. A comprehensive study was designed to evaluate and compare potential HIV-1 reservoir biomarkers. A cohort of 25 patients, treated with suppressive antiretroviral therapy was sampled at three time points, with median of 2.5 years (IQR: 2.4-2.6) between time point 1 and 2; and median of 31 days (IQR: 28-36) between time point 2 and 3. Patients were median of 6 years (IQR: 3-12) on ART, and plasma viral load (<50 copies/ml) was suppressed for median of 4 years (IQR: 2-8). Total HIV-1 DNA, unspliced (us) and multiply spliced HIV-1 RNA, and 2LTR circles were quantified by digital PCR in peripheral blood, at 3 time points. At the second time point, a viral outgrowth assay (VOA) was performed, and integrated HIV-1 DNA and relative mRNA expression levels of HIV-1 restriction factors were quantified. No significant change was found for long- and short-term dynamics of all HIV-1 markers tested in peripheral blood. Integrated HIV-1 DNA was associated with total HIV-1 DNA (p<0.001, R² = 0.85), us HIV-1 RNA (p = 0.029, R² = 0.40), and VOA (p = 0.041, R2 = 0.44). Replication-competent virus was detected in 80% of patients by the VOA and it correlated with total HIV-1 DNA (p = 0.039, R² = 0.54). The mean quantification difference between Alu-PCR and VOA was 2.88 log10, and 2.23 log10 between total HIV-1 DNA and VOA. The levels of usHIV-1 RNA were inversely correlated with mRNA levels of several HIV-1 restriction factors (TRIM5α, SAMHD1, MX2, SLFN11, pSIP1). Our study reveals important correlations between the viral outgrowth and total and integrated HIV-1 DNA measures, suggesting that the total pool of HIV-1 DNA may predict the size of the replication-competent virus in ART suppressed patients.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.