ArticlePloS one2016
GDF15/MIC1 and MMP9 Cerebrospinal Fluid Levels in Parkinson's Disease and Lewy Body Dementia.
Article in PloS one, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 38 citations in OpenAlex.
- A systematic review of the neuroprotective role and biomarker potential of GDF15 in neurodegeneration.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Pooled it
- Diagnostic utility of GDF15 in neurodegenerative diseases: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Brain and behavior · 2022Pooled it
- Mitochondrial dysfunction in neurology: biomarkers and clinical implications.Nature reviews. Neurology · 2026Review
- GDF15 - A potential novel biomarker of cognitive impairment in cervical dystonia.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2026Article
- Characterization of growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) as a neurotropic adipokine permeable to the brain.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Human pegivirus alters brain and blood immune and transcriptomic profiles of patients with Parkinson's disease.JCI insight · 2025Article
- Batokine in Central Nervous System Diseases.Molecular neurobiology · 2023Review
- Exploring the possible causal effects of cardiac blood biomarkers in dementia and cognitive performance: a Mendelian randomization study.GeroScience · 2023Article
- Serum GDF-15 Levels in Patients with Parkinson's Disease, Progressive Supranuclear Palsy, and Multiple System Atrophy.Neurology international · 2023Article
- Multiple Criteria Optimization (MCO): A gene selection deterministic tool in RStudio.PloS one · 2022Article
- Growth Differentiation Factor 15 Protects SH-SY5Y Cells From Rotenone-Induced Toxicity by Suppressing Mitochondrial Apoptosis.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2022Article
- Deciphering the Causal Relationships Between Low Back Pain Complications, Metabolic Factors, and Comorbidities.Journal of pain research · 2022Article
- Emerging roles of growth differentiation factor-15 in brain disorders (Review).Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2021Review
- Beyond the GFAP-Astrocyte Protein Markers in the Brain.Biomolecules · 2021Review
- Disease-specific plasma levels of mitokines FGF21, GDF15, and Humanin in type II diabetes and Alzheimer's disease in comparison with healthy aging.GeroScience · 2021Article
- Growth differentiation factor 15 increases in both cerebrospinal fluid and serum during pregnancy.PloS one · 2021Article
- Associations Between Tenascin-C and Testosterone Deficiency in Men with Major Depressive Disorder: A Cross-Sectional Retrospective Study.Journal of inflammation research · 2021Article
- GDF15, an update of the physiological and pathological roles it plays: a review.Pflugers Archiv : European journal of physiology · 2020Review
- Elevated serum growth differentiation factor 15 in multiple system atrophy patients: A case control study.World journal of clinical cases · 2020Article
- Serum FGF-21, GDF-15, and blood mtDNA copy number are not biomarkers of Parkinson disease.Neurology. Clinical practice · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
14 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Based on animal and ex-vivo experiments, Growth/Differentiation Factor-15 (GDF15, also called Macrophage Inhibitory Cytokine-1, MIC1), a member of the transforming growth factor-beta family, and Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 (MMP9), a member of the matrix metalloprotease family may be potential markers for Lewy body disorders, i.e. Parkinson's disease with (PDD) and without dementia (PDND) and Lewy body dementia (DLB). GDF15 has a prominent role in development, cell proliferation, differentiation, and repair, whereas MMP9 degrades, as a proteolytic enzyme, components of the extracellular matrix. In this study, cerebrospinal fluid GDF15 and MMP9 levels of 59 PDND, 17 PDD and 23 DLB patients, as well as of 95 controls were determined, and associated with demographic, clinical and biochemical parameters. Our analysis confirmed the already described association of GDF15 levels with age and gender. Corrected GDF15 levels were significantly higher in PDD than in PDND patients, and intermediate in DLB patients. Within Lewy body disorders, GDF15 levels correlated positively with age at onset of Parkinsonism and dementia, Hoehn & Yahr stage and cerebrospinal fluid t-Tau and p-Tau levels, and negatively with the Mini Mental State Examination. Remarkably, it does not relevantly correlate with disease duration. MMP9 was not relevantly associated with any of these parameters. Cerebrospinal GDF15, but not MMP9, may be a potential marker of and in Lewy body disorders.
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