Evidence map›Paper›PMID 26938554›Full record

ArticleNutrients2016

Apple-Derived Pectin Modulates Gut Microbiota, Improves Gut Barrier Function, and Attenuates Metabolic Endotoxemia in Rats with Diet-Induced Obesity.

Tingting Jiang, Xuejin Gao, Chao Wu, Feng Tian, Qiucheng Lei, Jingcheng Bi, Bingxian Xie, Hong Yu Wang, Shuai Chen, Xinying Wang

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nutrients, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 72 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
72citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

72 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

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  12. Prebiotics pectin and resistant starch-type 4 stimulate peptide YY and cholecystokinin to promote satiety, and improve gut microbiota composition.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2025
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12 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Tingting JiangDepartment of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, China. jiangtingting08med@163.com.
Xuejin GaoDepartment of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, China. xuejingao870214@163.com.
Chao WuDepartment of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, China. wuchao0008@163.com.
Feng TianDepartment of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, China. tianfeng_nju@163.com.
Qiucheng LeiDepartment of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, China. lqiuchenggd@163.com.
Jingcheng BiDepartment of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, China. ahbijingcheng@163.com.
Bingxian XieState Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University, Pukou District, Nanjing 210061, China. xiebx@nicemice.cn.
Hong Yu WangState Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University, Pukou District, Nanjing 210061, China. wanghy@nicemice.cn.
Shuai ChenState Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University, Pukou District, Nanjing 210061, China. schen6@163.com.
Xinying WangDepartment of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, China. wxinying@263.net.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

This study was aimed at determining potential effects of apple-derived pectin on weight gain, gut microbiota, gut barrier and metabolic endotoxemia in rat models of diet-induced obesity. The rats received a standard diet (control; Chow group; n = 8) or a high-fat diet (HFD; n = 32) for eight weeks to induce obesity. The top 50th percentile of weight-gainers were selected as diet induced obese rats. Thereafter, the Chow group continued on chow, and the diet induced obese rats were randomly divided into two groups and received HFD (HF group; n = 8) or pectin-supplemented HFD (HF-P group; n = 8) for six weeks. Compared to the HF group, the HF-P group showed attenuated weight gain (207.38 ± 7.96 g vs. 283.63 ± 10.17 g, p < 0.01) and serum total cholesterol level (1.46 ± 0.13 mmol/L vs. 2.06 ± 0.26 mmol/L, p < 0.01). Compared to the Chow group, the HF group showed a decrease in Bacteroidetes phylum and an increase in Firmicutes phylum, as well as subordinate categories (p < 0.01). These changes were restored to the normal levels in the HF-P group. Furthermore, compared to the HF group, the HF-P group displayed improved intestinal alkaline phosphatase (0.57 ± 0.20 vs. 0.30 ± 0.19, p < 0.05) and claudin 1 (0.76 ± 0.14 vs. 0.55 ± 0.18, p < 0.05) expression, and decreased Toll-like receptor 4 expression in ileal tissue (0.76 ± 0.58 vs. 2.04 ± 0.89, p < 0.01). The HF-P group also showed decreased inflammation (TNFα: 316.13 ± 7.62 EU/mL vs. 355.59 ± 8.10 EU/mL, p < 0.01; IL-6: 51.78 ± 2.35 EU/mL vs. 58.98 ± 2.59 EU/mL, p < 0.01) and metabolic endotoxemia (2.83 ± 0.42 EU/mL vs. 0.68 ± 0.14 EU/mL, p < 0.01). These results suggest that apple-derived pectin could modulate gut microbiota, attenuate metabolic endotoxemia and inflammation, and consequently suppress weight gain and fat accumulation in diet induced obese rats.

Indexed as

AnimalsAnti-Obesity AgentsBacteriaBiomarkersCholesterolDiet, High-FatDisease Models, AnimalEndotoxemiaFruitGastrointestinal MicrobiomeHypercholesterolemiaInflammation MediatorsIntestinal MucosaIntestinesLipopolysaccharidesMaleAnti-Obesity AgentsBiomarkersCholesterolInflammation MediatorsLipopolysaccharidesPectinsapple-derived pectingut barrier functiongut microbiotametabolic endotoxemiaobesity

Identifiers

PMID26938554
PMCPMC4808856

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.