Trial reportPain medicine (Malden, Mass.)2016
Development of the Chronic Pain Coding System (CPCS) for Characterizing Patient-Clinician Discussions About Chronic Pain and Opioids.
Trial report in Pain medicine (Malden, Mass.), 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Systematic review of observational coding systems to assess patient-healthcare professional interactions.Patient education and counseling · 2025Pooled it
- Agenda setting and visit openings in primary care visits involving patients taking opioids for chronic pain.BMC family practice · 2021Observational
- Managing Chronic Pain in an Opioid Crisis: What Is the Role of Shared Decision-Making?Health communication · 2020Article
- Let's talk about pain and opioids: Low pitch and creak in medical consultations.Discourse studies · 2020Article
- Development of a tool for coding safety-netting behaviours in primary care: a mixed-methods study using existing UK consultation recordings.The British journal of general practice : the journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners · 2019Article
- Patient and provider characteristics associated with communication about opioids: An observational study.Patient education and counseling · 2019Observational
- Patient-Clinician Communication About Pain: A Conceptual Model and Narrative Review.Pain medicine (Malden, Mass.) · 2018Review
- Observational
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo describe the development and initial application of the Chronic Pain Coding System.
designSecondary analysis of data from a randomized clinical trial.
settingSix primary care clinics in northern California. SUBJECTS: Forty-five primary care visits involving 33 clinicians and 45 patients on opioids for chronic noncancer pain.
methodsThe authors developed a structured coding system to accurately and objectively characterize discussions about pain and opioids. Two coders applied the final system to visit transcripts. Intercoder agreement for major coding categories was moderate to substantial (kappa = 0.5-0.7). Mixed effects regression was used to test six hypotheses to assess preliminary construct validity.
resultsGreater baseline pain interference was associated with longer pain discussions (P = 0.007) and more patient requests for clinician action (P = 0.02) but not more frequent negative patient evaluations of pain (P = 0.15). Greater clinician-reported visit difficulty was associated with more frequent disagreements with clinician recommendations (P = 0.003) and longer discussions of opioid risks (P = 0.049) but not more frequent requests for clinician action (P = 0.11). Rates of agreement versus disagreement with patient requests and clinician recommendations were similar for opioid-related and non-opioid-related utterances.
conclusionsThis coding system appears to be a reliable and valid tool for characterizing patient-clinician communication about opioids and chronic pain during clinic visits. Objective data on how patients and clinicians discuss chronic pain and opioids are necessary to identify communication patterns and strategies for improving the quality and productivity of discussions about chronic pain that may lead to more effective pain management and reduce inappropriate opioid prescribing.
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