SynthesisHeart (British Cardiac Society)2016
Chocolate consumption and risk of myocardial infarction: a prospective study and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Heart (British Cardiac Society), 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Relationship between chocolate consumption and overall and cause-specific mortality, systematic review and updated meta-analysis.European journal of epidemiology · 2022Pooled it
- Evaluation of the Quality of Evidence of the Association of Foods and Nutrients With Cardiovascular Disease and Diabetes: A Systematic Review.JAMA network open · 2022Pooled it
- The Health Effects of Chocolate and Cocoa: A Systematic Review.Nutrients · 2021Pooled it
- Chocolate and risk of chronic disease: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis.European journal of nutrition · 2020Pooled it
- Chocolate Consumption and Risk of Coronary Heart Disease, Stroke, and Diabetes: A Meta-Analysis of Prospective Studies.Nutrients · 2017Pooled it
- Cocoa Polyphenol Extract Inhibits Cellular Senescence via Modulation of SIRT1 and SIRT3 in Auditory Cells.Nutrients · 2023Article
- Polyphenols in Metabolic Diseases.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Flavonoid and Phenolic Acid Profiles of Dehulled and WholeMolecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Fermented foods and cardiometabolic health: Definitions, current evidence, and future perspectives.Frontiers in nutrition · 2022Review
- Hormetic response to B-type procyanidin ingestion involves stress-related neuromodulation via the gut-brain axis: Preclinical and clinical observations.Frontiers in nutrition · 2022Review
- Phenolic content, antioxidant, cytotoxic and antiproliferative effects of fractions ofHeliyon · 2021Article
- Matters of the Heart: Case-Crossover Analysis of Myocardial Infarction on Valentine's Day.CJC open · 2021Article
- Therapeutic Effects and Safe Uses of Plant-Derived Polyphenolic Compounds in Cardiovascular Diseases: A Review.Drug design, development and therapy · 2021Review
- Chocolate, "Food of the Gods": History, Science, and Human Health.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2019Review
- Relation of Fruits and Vegetables with Major Cardiometabolic Risk Factors, Markers of Oxidation, and Inflammation.Nutrients · 2019Review
- The complex relationship between diet, quality of life and life expectancy: a narrative review of potential determinants based on data from Italy.Eating and weight disorders : EWD · 2019Review
- Chocolate intake and risk of clinically apparent atrial fibrillation: the Danish Diet, Cancer, and Health Study.Heart (British Cardiac Society) · 2017Article
- Bioactive polyphenols and cardiovascular disease: chemical antagonists, pharmacological agents or xenobiotics that drive an adaptive response?British journal of pharmacology · 2017Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo examine whether chocolate consumption is associated with a reduced risk of ischaemic heart disease, we used data from a prospective study of Swedish adults and we performed a meta-analysis of available prospective data. METHODS AND
resultsThe Swedish prospective study included 67 640 women and men from the Cohort of Swedish Men and the Swedish Mammography Cohort who had completed a food-frequency questionnaire and were free of cardiovascular disease at baseline. Myocardial infarction (MI) cases were ascertained through linkage with the Swedish National Patient and Cause of Death Registers. PubMed and EMBASE databases were searched from inception until 4 February 2016 to identify prospective studies on chocolate consumption and risk of ischaemic heart disease.
resultsThe results from eligible studies were combined using a random-effects model. During follow-up (1998-2010), 4417 MI cases were ascertained in the Swedish study. Chocolate consumption was inversely associated with MI risk. Compared with non-consumers, the multivariable relative risk for those who consumed ≥3-4 servings/week of chocolate was 0.87 (95% CI 0.77 to 0.98; p for trend =0.04). Five prospective studies on chocolate consumption and ischaemic heart disease were identified. Together with the Swedish study, the meta-analysis included six studies with a total of 6851 ischaemic heart disease cases. The overall relative risk for the highest versus lowest category of chocolate consumption was 0.90 (95% CI 0.82 to 0.97), with little heterogeneity among studies (I(2)=24.3%).
conclusionsChocolate consumption is associated with lower risk of MI and ischaemic heart disease.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.