ArticleThe Journal of nutrition2016
Flavanol-Enriched Cocoa Powder Alters the Intestinal Microbiota, Tissue and Fluid Metabolite Profiles, and Intestinal Gene Expression in Pigs.
Article in The Journal of nutrition, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
36 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 80 citations in OpenAlex.
- Dietary Factors and Modulation of Bacteria Strains ofNutrients · 2019Pooled it
- Effects of short-term, high-dose cocoa-derived flavanol supplementation on gut microbiota composition: secondary findings from a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study.Journal of nutritional science · 2024Trial
- Double-Edged Sword: Urbanization and Response of Amniote Gut Microbiome in the Anthropocene.Microorganisms · 2025Review
- Polyphenols and Microbiota Modulation: Insights from Swine and Other Animal Models for Human Therapeutic Strategies.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Insights into the Mechanisms of Action ofNutrients · 2024Review
- Flavonoids, gut microbiota, and host lipid metabolism.Engineering in life sciences · 2024Review
- Polyphenols Influence the Development of Endometrial Cancer by Modulating the Gut Microbiota.Nutrients · 2024Review
- The Effect of Prebiotic Supplements on the Gastrointestinal Microbiota and Associated Health Parameters in Pigs.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2023Review
- Grape Polyphenols May Prevent High-Fat Diet-Induced Dampening of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis in Male Mice.Journal of the Endocrine Society · 2023Article
- The synergistic ramification of insoluble dietary fiber and associated non-extractable polyphenols on gut microbial population escorting alleviation of lifestyle diseases.Food chemistry: X · 2023Review
- Dietary Phenolic Compounds: Their Health Benefits and Association with the Gut Microbiota.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- A Screening of Native (Poly)phenols and Gut-Related Metabolites on 3D HCT116 Spheroids Reveals Gut Health Benefits of a Flavan-3-ol Metabolite.Molecular nutrition & food research · 2022Article
- Effect of Resveratrol Supplementation on Intestinal Oxidative Stress, Immunity and Gut Microbiota in Weaned Piglets Challenged with Deoxynivalenol.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Gut microbiota-derived short chain fatty acids are potential mediators in gut inflammation.Animal nutrition (Zhongguo xu mu shou yi xue hui) · 2022Review
- The Effects and Mechanisms of Flavonoids on Cancer Prevention and Therapy: Focus on Gut Microbiota.International journal of biological sciences · 2022Review
- Dietary resveratrol attenuation of intestinal inflammation and oxidative damage is linked to the alteration of gut microbiota and butyrate in piglets challenged with deoxynivalenol.Journal of animal science and biotechnology · 2021Article
- Diet-Derived Antioxidants and Their Role in Inflammation, Obesity and Gut Microbiota Modulation.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Regulation of Enteric Infection and Immunity by Dietary Proanthocyanidins.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Review
- Understanding the Gastrointestinal Protective Effects of Polyphenols using Foodomics-Based Approaches.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Review
- Dietary Quercetin Supplementation Attenuates Diarrhea and Intestinal Damage by Regulating Gut Microbiota in Weanling Piglets.Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundConsumption of cocoa-derived polyphenols has been associated with several health benefits; however, their effects on the intestinal microbiome and related features of host intestinal health are not adequately understood.
objectiveThe objective of this study was to determine the effects of eating flavanol-enriched cocoa powder on the composition of the gut microbiota, tissue metabolite profiles, and intestinal immune status.
methodsMale pigs (5 mo old, 28 kg mean body weight) were supplemented with 0, 2.5, 10, or 20 g flavanol-enriched cocoa powder/d for 27 d. Metabolites in serum, urine, the proximal colon contents, liver, and adipose tissue; bacterial abundance in the intestinal contents and feces; and intestinal tissue gene expression of inflammatory markers and Toll-like receptors (TLRs) were then determined.
resultsO-methyl-epicatechin-glucuronide conjugates dose-dependently increased (P< 0.01) in the urine (35- to 204-fold), serum (6- to 186-fold), and adipose tissue (34- to 1144-fold) of pigs fed cocoa powder. The concentration of 3-hydroxyphenylpropionic acid isomers in urine decreased as the dose of cocoa powder fed to pigs increased (75-85%,P< 0.05). Compared with the unsupplemented pigs, the abundance ofLactobacillusspecies was greater in the feces (7-fold,P= 0.005) and that ofBifidobacteriumspecies was greater in the proximal colon contents (9-fold,P= 0.01) in pigs fed only 20 or 10 g cocoa powder/d, respectively. Moreover, consumption of cocoa powder reducedTLR9gene expression in ileal Peyer's patches (67-80%,P< 0.05) and mesenteric lymph nodes (43-71%,P< 0.05) of pigs fed 2.5-20 g cocoa powder/d compared with pigs not supplemented with cocoa powder.
conclusionThis study demonstrates that consumption of cocoa powder by pigs can contribute to gut health by enhancing the abundance ofLactobacillusandBifidobacteriumspecies and modulating markers of localized intestinal immunity.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.