Evidence map›Paper›PMID 26935856›Full record

ReviewTraffic (Copenhagen, Denmark)2016

Fusion of Enveloped Viruses in Endosomes.

Judith M White, Gary R Whittaker

Open access · bronzeAbstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Traffic (Copenhagen, Denmark), 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 254 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
254citing papers in PubMed
34.4field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

254 citing papers in PubMed, 402 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Review
  5. How endosomal PIKfyve inhibition prevents viral membrane fusion and entry.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026
    Article
  6. Article
  7. Review
  8. Article
  9. The Rab5 effector Rabankyrin-5 mediates endosomal fusion and trafficking of human papillomavirus during early entry.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026
    Article
  10. Article
  11. FromImmune network · 2026
    Review
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Review
  15. Review
  16. The Interplay of Lipids and Peptides in Membrane Merger.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2026
    Review
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Review
  20. Review

194 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Judith M WhiteDepartment of Cell Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
Gary R WhittakerDepartment of Microbiology & Immunology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
Cornell University · USUniversity of Virginia · US

Funding

Combinations of Approved Drugs to Combat Ebola VirusR01AI114776 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA · PI WHITE, JUDITH M. · 2015 to 2017
$1.5M
Development of novel protease inhibitors for influenza and paramyxovirusesR21AI117300 · NIAID · CORNELL UNIVERSITY · PI WHITTAKER, GARY R · 2016 to 2017
$457k
A Novel Viral Membrane Fusion Triggering MechanismR21AI103601 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA · PI WHITE, JUDITH M. · 2013 to 2014
$420k
Spike protein cleavage-activation and emergence of coronaviruses with extended trR21AI111085 · NIAID · CORNELL UNIVERSITY · PI WHITTAKER, GARY R · 2014 to 2015
$419k
NIAID NIH HHS HHSN272201400005CNIAID NIH HHS R01 AI114776NIAID NIH HHS R21 AI103601NIAID NIH HHS R21 AI111085NIAID NIH HHS R21 AI117300
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Ari Helenius launched the field of enveloped virus fusion in endosomes with a seminal paper in the Journal of Cell Biology in 1980. In the intervening years, a great deal has been learned about the structures and mechanisms of viral membrane fusion proteins as well as about the endosomes in which different enveloped viruses fuse and the endosomal cues that trigger fusion. We now recognize three classes of viral membrane fusion proteins based on structural criteria and four mechanisms of fusion triggering. After reviewing general features of viral membrane fusion proteins and viral fusion in endosomes, we delve into three characterized mechanisms for viral fusion triggering in endosomes: by low pH, by receptor binding plus low pH and by receptor binding plus the action of a protease. We end with a discussion of viruses that may employ novel endosomal fusion-triggering mechanisms. A key take-home message is that enveloped viruses that enter cells by fusing in endosomes traverse the endocytic pathway until they reach an endosome that has all of the environmental conditions (pH, proteases, ions, intracellular receptors and lipid composition) to (if needed) prime and (in all cases) trigger the fusion protein and to support membrane fusion.

Indexed as

Virus InternalizationAnimalsEndosomesHumansViral Fusion ProteinsVirusesViral Fusion Proteinsenveloped virusfuselow pHmembraneprimeproteasestriggerviral fusion proteinvirus entryvirus receptors

Identifiers

PMID26935856
PMCPMC4866878
OpenAlexW2288648350

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.