ReviewGlycobiology2016
Modifying the sugar icing on the transplantation cake.
Review in Glycobiology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 34 citations in OpenAlex.
- Xenotransplantation: lessons from history, genetic engineering, and early clinical experience-an interview with Dr. David K. C. Cooper.Frontiers in transplantation · 2026Article
- Surveillance and prevention of infection in clinical xenotransplantation.Clinical microbiology reviews · 2025Review
- Aiming the magic bullet: targeted delivery of imaging and therapeutic agents to solid tumors by pHLIP peptides.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2024Review
- The Evolution of Immunosuppressive Therapy in Pig-to-Nonhuman Primate Organ Transplantation.Transplant international : official journal of the European Society for Organ Transplantation · 2024Review
- Shooting for the moon: Genome editing for pig heart xenotransplantation.The Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery · 2023Article
- Tumor treatment by pHLIP-targeted antigen delivery.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2022Article
- The Long and Winding Road to Clinical Xenotransplantation: A Personal Journey.European surgical research. Europaische chirurgische Forschung. Recherches chirurgicales europeennes · 2022Review
- Aspects of histocompatibility testing in xenotransplantation.Transplant immunology · 2021Review
- Article
- Extensive germline genome engineering in pigs.Nature biomedical engineering · 2021Article
- Long-term survival of pig-to-rhesus macaque renal xenografts is dependent on CD4 T cell depletion.American journal of transplantation : official journal of the American Society of Transplantation and the American Society of Transplant Surgeons · 2019Article
- Xenotransplantation: past, present, and future.Current opinion in organ transplantation · 2017Review
- N-glycolylneuraminic acid knockout reduces erythrocyte sequestration and thromboxane elaboration in an ex vivo pig-to-human xenoperfusion model.Xenotransplantation · 2017Article
- A bioconjugate leveraging xenoreactive antibodies to alleviate cocaine-induced behavior.Chemical communications (Cambridge, England) · 2017Article
- The design and synthesis of an α-Gal trisaccharide epitope that provides a highly specific anti-Gal immune response.Organic & biomolecular chemistry · 2017Article
- Biological roles of glycans.Glycobiology · 2017Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
As a transplant surgeon, my interest in glycobiology began through my research into ABO-incompatible allotransplantation, and grew when my goal became overcoming the shortage of organs from deceased human donors by the transplantation of pig organs into patients with terminal organ failure (xenotransplantation/cross-species transplantation). The major target for human "natural" (preformed) anti-pig antibodies is galactose-α(1,3)-galactose (the "Gal" epitope), which is expressed on many pig cells, including the vascular endothelium. The binding of human IgM and IgG antibodies to Gal antigens initiates the process of hyperacute rejection, resulting in destruction of the pig graft within minutes or hours. This major barrier has been overcome by the production of pigs in which the gene for the enzyme α(1,3)-galactosyltransferase (GT) has been deleted by genetic engineering, resulting in GT knockout (GTKO) pigs. The two other known carbohydrate antigenic targets on pig cells for human anti-pig antibodies are (i) the product of the cytidine monophosphate-N-acetylneuraminic acid hydroxylase (CMAH) gene, i.e., N-glycolylneuraminic acid, and (ii) the product of the β1,4 N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase gene, i.e., the Sd(a) antigen. Expression of these two has also been deleted in pigs. These genetic manipulations, together with others directed to overcoming primate complement and coagulation activation (the latter of which also relates to glycobiology) have contributed to the prolongation of pig graft survival in nonhuman primate recipients to many months rather than a few minutes. Clinical trials of the transplantation of pig cells are already underway and transplantation of pig organs may be expected within the relatively near future.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.