Trial reportJournal of neuro-oncology2016
Randomized phase II study of axitinib versus physicians best alternative choice of therapy in patients with recurrent glioblastoma.
Trial report in Journal of neuro-oncology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 39 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
39 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 53 citations in OpenAlex.
- Receptor tyrosine kinase targeted therapies in glioblastoma: a systematic review.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Pooled it
- The safety and efficacy of VEGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors for patients with gliomas: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and a specific analysis on glioblastoma.Neurosurgical review · 2025Pooled it
- Treatment options for progression or recurrence of glioblastoma: a network meta-analysis.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2021Pooled it
- Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor in glioblastoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2018Pooled it
- Anti-angiogenic therapy for high-grade glioma.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2018Pooled it
- Risk of gastrointestinal events with newly approved (after 2011) vascular endothelial growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors in cancer patients: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.European journal of clinical pharmacology · 2017Pooled it
- Axitinib plus avelumab in the treatment of recurrent glioblastoma: a stratified, open-label, single-center phase 2 clinical trial (GliAvAx).Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2020Trial
- Randomized phase II trial comparing axitinib with the combination of axitinib and lomustine in patients with recurrent glioblastoma.Journal of neuro-oncology · 2018Trial
- Disease progression in recurrent glioblastoma patients treated with the VEGFR inhibitor axitinib is associated with increased regulatory T cell numbers and T cell exhaustion.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2016Trial
- A real-world feasibility and safety study of anlotinib monotherapy in heavily pretreated or temozolomide-ineligible recurrent malignant glioma.Translational cancer research · 2026Article
- Redundancy in Growth Factor Receptor Signaling in Adult Astrocytoma Resistance to Small-Molecule Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Current evidence and challenges of multitarget anti-angiogenic agents for glioblastoma: Results from clinical trials.iScience · 2025Review
- Kinase-Targeted Therapies for Glioblastoma.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Review
- Intracranial administration of anti-PD-1 and anti-CTLA-4 immune checkpoint-blocking monoclonal antibodies in patients with recurrent high-grade glioma.Neuro-oncology · 2024Article
- N-Acetyl-L-Cysteine (NAC) Blunts Axitinib-Related Adverse Effects in Preclinical Models of Glioblastoma.Cancer medicine · 2024Article
- Opportunities and Challenges of Small Molecule Inhibitors in Glioblastoma Treatment: Lessons Learned from Clinical Trials.Cancers · 2024Review
- Glioblastoma Therapy: Past, Present and Future.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Antiangiogenic Therapy for Malignant Brain Tumors: Does It Still Matter?Current oncology reports · 2023Review
- A phase I dose-escalation study of SYHA1813, a VEGFR and CSF1R inhibitor, in patients with recurrent High-Grade Gliomas or Advanced Solid Tumors.Investigational new drugs · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
We conducted a randomized, non-comparative, multi center, phase II clinical trial in order to investigate the efficacy of axitinib, an oral small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitor with high affinity and specificity for the vascular endothelial growth factor receptors, in patients with recurrent glioblastoma following prior treatment with radiation and temozolomide. Forty-four patients were randomly assigned to receive treatment with axitinib (5 mg BID starting dose; N = 22) or "physicians best alternative choice of therapy" that consisted of bevacizumab (N = 20) or lomustine (N = 2). Six-month progression-free survival served as the primary endpoint. The estimated 6-month progression-free survival rate was 34 % (95 % CI 14-54) for patients treated with axitinib and 28 % (95 % CI 8-48) with best alternative treatment; median overall survival was 29 and 17 weeks, respectively. Objective responses according to RANO criteria were documented in 28 % of patients treated with axitinib and 23 % of patients treated with best alternative therapy. A decrease in maximal uptake of 18F-fluoro-ethyL-tyrosine (18F-FET) by the glioblastoma on PET imaging was documented in 85 % of patients at the time of response on axitinib. Corticosteroid treatment could be stopped in four and tapered in seven out of the 15 patients who were treated with steroids at baseline in the axitinib cohort. Most frequent axitinib related grade ≥3 adverse events consisted of fatigue (9 %), diarrhea (9 %), and oral hyperesthesia (4.5 %). We conclude that axitinib has single-agent clinical activity and a manageable toxicity profile in patients with recurrent glioblastoma.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.