ArticleJournal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation2016
The dynamics of electric powered wheelchair sideways tips and falls: experimental and computational analysis of impact forces and injury.
Article in Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- Evaluation of Power Wheelchair Dynamic Suspensions for Tip Prevention in Non-ADA Compliant Surfaces.Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation · 2023Article
- Impact forces in backward falls: Subject-specific video-based rigid body simulation of backward falls.Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers. Part H, Journal of engineering in medicine · 2023Article
- Numerical investigation of the rider's head injury in typical single-electric self-balancing scooter accident scenarios.Journal of the Royal Society, Interface · 2022Article
- Article
- Usability evaluation of attitude control for a robotic wheelchair for tip mitigation in outdoor environments.Medical engineering & physics · 2020Article
- Manual wheelchair downhill stability: an analysis of factors affecting tip probability.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundTo reduce the occurrence of wheelchair falls and to develop effective protection systems, we aimed to quantify sideways tip and fall dynamics of electric power wheelchairs (EPWs). We hypothesized that driving speed, curb height and angle of approach would affect impact forces and head injury risk for wheelchair riders. We further expected that fall dynamics and head injury risk would be greater for unrestrained riders compared to restrained riders.
methodsSideways wheelchair tip and fall dynamics were reconstructed using a remotely operated rear wheel drive EPW and a Hybrid III test dummy driving at different approach angles (5 to 63°) over an adjustable height curb (0.30 to 0.41 m) at speeds of 0.6-1.5 m/s. Rigid body dynamics models (Madymo, TASS International, Livonia, MI) were developed in parallel with the experiments to systematically study and quantify the impact forces and the sideways tip or fall of an EPW user in different driving conditions.
resultsShallower approach angles (25°) (p < 0.05) and higher curbs (0.4 m) (p < 0.05) were the most significant predictors of tipping for restrained passengers. Unrestrained passengers were most affected by higher curbs (0.4 m) (p < 0.005) and fell forward from the upright wheelchair when the approach angle was 60°. Head impact forces were greater in unrestrained users (6181 ± 2372 N) than restrained users (1336 ± 827 N) (p = 0.00053). Unrestrained users had significantly greater head impact severities than restrained users (HIC = 610 ± 634 vs HIC = 29 ± 38, p = 0.00013) and several tip events resulted in HICs > 1000 (severe head injury) in unrestrained users.
conclusionsSideways tips and forward falls from wheelchairs were most sensitive to curb height and approach angle but were not affected by driving speed. Sideways tips and falls resulted in impact forces that could result in concussions or traumatic brain injury and require injury prevention strategies. Seat belts eliminated the risk of falling from an upright chair and reduced head impact forces in sideways wheelchair tips in this study; however, their use must be considered within the ethical and legal definitions of restraints.
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