ArticleBMC pregnancy and childbirth2016
Constructing maternal morbidity - towards a standard tool to measure and monitor maternal health beyond mortality.
Article in BMC pregnancy and childbirth, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 92 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
92 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Global burden of potentially life-threatening maternal conditions: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2024Pooled it
- Maternal mortality: near-miss events in middle-income countries, a systematic review.Bulletin of the World Health Organization · 2021Pooled it
- Maternal multimorbidity during pregnancy and after childbirth in women in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic literature review.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2020Pooled it
- Social Determinants of Pregnancy-Related Mortality and Morbidity in the United States: A Systematic Review.Obstetrics and gynecology · 2020Pooled it
- Pooled it
- The frequency of maternal morbidity: A systematic review of systematic reviews.International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics · 2018Pooled it
- Towards a consensus definition of maternal sepsis: results of a systematic review and expert consultation.Reproductive health · 2017Pooled it
- Multidimensional assessment of women after severe maternal morbidity: the COMMAG cohort study.BMJ open · 2020Trial
- Article
- Antenatal care service readiness and associated factors in health facilities across Afghanistan, Bangladesh, and Nepal: a comparative analysis.BMC health services research · 2026Article
- Determinants of Maternal Near Miss: A Facility-Based Case-Control Study in Luanda, Angola.Portuguese journal of public health · 2026Article
- Chronic Maternal Pelvic Morbidity: A Neglected Tragedy: Where is Pelvic Maternal Morbidity in Maternal and Child Health? : Advocating for a Public Health Approach to Pelvic Floor Disorders Resulting from Pregnancy and Childbirth Trauma.International urogynecology journal · 2026Article
- Acceptability and use of the Saving Mothers mPOWHER Maternal Health Kit.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2026Article
- Ultrasound-Indicated Versus Physical Examination-Indicated Cerclage in Twin Pregnancies Between 24 and 27 + 6 Weeks: An Exploratory Observational Analysis of Pregnancy and Neonatal Outcomes.Journal of pregnancy · 2026Observational
- Women's outcome instrument for maternal health care (WOICE) of Iranian pregnant women after 35: A cross-sectional study.Journal of education and health promotion · 2026Article
- Obstetric complications and socio-demographic characteristics associated with severe maternal morbidity at Mbeya Zonal Referral Hospital, Tanzania: a case-control study.Frontiers in global women's health · 2026Article
- Global, regional and national estimates of obstetric fistula prevalence.BMJ global health · 2025Article
- Observational
- Feasibility of establishing a Canadian Obstetric Survey System (CanOSS) for severe maternal morbidity: results of a nationwide survey.Public health in practice (Oxford, England) · 2025Article
- Mortality-weighted severe maternal morbidity: a novel approach to assessing maternal health outcomes.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2025Article
32 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundMaternal morbidity is a complex entity and its presentation and severity are on a spectrum. This paper describes the conceptualization and development of a definition for maternal morbidity, and the framework for its measurement: the maternal morbidity matrix, which is the foundation for measuring maternal morbidity, thus, the assessment tool. DISCUSSION: We define maternal morbidity and associated disability as "any health condition attributed to and/or complicating pregnancy and childbirth that has a negative impact on the woman's wellbeing and/or functioning." A matrix of 121 conditions was generated through expert meetings, review of the International Classification of Diseases and related health problems (ICD-10), literature reviews, applying the definition of maternal morbidity and a cut-off of >0.1% prevalence. This matrix has three dimensions: identified morbidity category, reported functioning impact and maternal history. The identification criteria for morbidity include 58 symptoms, 29 signs, 44 investigations and 35 management strategies; these criteria are aimed at recognizing the medical condition, or the functional impact/disability component that will capture the negative impact experienced by the woman. The maternal morbidity matrix is a practical framework for assessing maternal morbidity beyond near-miss. In light of the emerging attention to Universal Health Coverage (UHC) as part of the post-2015 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) planning, a definition and standard identification criteria are essential to measuring its extent and impact.
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