Trial reportAIDS research and human retroviruses2016
The Effect of Chloroquine on Immune Activation and Interferon Signatures Associated with HIV-1.
Trial report in AIDS research and human retroviruses, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT00819390 (A Phase II, Double Blind, Randomized, Exploratory Study of Chloroquine for Reducing HIV-Associated Immune Activation), which is not on this map. Cited by 25 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Phase II, Double Blind, Randomized, Exploratory Study of Chloroquine for Reducing HIV-Associated Immune Activation
Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 41 citations in OpenAlex.
- Exploring the long-term hydroxychloroquine's effects on COVID-19 outcomes in patients with autoimmune diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis.European journal of clinical pharmacology · 2026Pooled it
- Systematic review and meta-analysis of the safety of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine from randomized controlled trials on malarial and non-malarial conditions.Systematic reviews · 2021Pooled it
- Effects of chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine treatment on non-SARS-CoV2 viral infections: A systematic review of clinical studies.Reviews in medical virology · 2021Pooled it
- Adjunct Therapy for CD4Frontiers in immunology · 2021Pooled it
- Clinical evidence for repurposing chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine as antiviral agents: a systematic review.Clinical microbiology and infection : the official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases · 2020Pooled it
- Effect of Antiretroviral Therapy on Plasma Concentrations of Chloroquine and Desethyl-chloroquine.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2018Trial
- Clinical and experimental treatment of residual immune activation in people living with HIV.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2025Review
- SLC38A9 regulates SARS-CoV-2 viral entry.iScience · 2024Article
- Effect of Chloroquine on Type 2 Inflammatory Response in MC903-Induced Atopic Dermatitis Mice.Clinical, cosmetic and investigational dermatology · 2024Article
- Betamethasone induces potent immunosuppression and reduces HIV infection in a PBMC in vitro model.Journal of investigative medicine : the official publication of the American Federation for Clinical Research · 2021Article
- A randomized trial of vorinostat with treatment interruption after initiating antiretroviral therapy during acute HIV-1 infection.Journal of virus eradication · 2020Article
- Immunomodulatory and Anti-Inflammatory Strategies to Reduce Comorbidity Risk in People with HIV.Current HIV/AIDS reports · 2020Review
- Immunomodulatory Effects of Hydroxychloroquine and Chloroquine in Viral Infections and Their Potential Application in Retinal Gene Therapy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Review
- Immune Activation and Inflammation in People With Human Immunodeficiency Virus: Challenging Targets.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2020Article
- The Use of Antimalarial Drugs against Viral Infection.Microorganisms · 2020Review
- Antivirals Against Coronaviruses: Candidate Drugs for SARS-CoV-2 Treatment?Frontiers in microbiology · 2020Review
- Associations Between Plasma Immunomodulatory and Inflammatory Mediators With VACS Index Scores Among Older HIV-Infected Adults on Antiretroviral Therapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Article
- Elucidating the Pivotal Immunomodulatory and Anti-Inflammatory Potentials of Chloroquine and Hydroxychloroquine.Journal of immunology research · 2020Review
- Inflammation, HIV, and Immune Quiescence: Leveraging on Immunomodulatory Products to Reduce HIV Susceptibility.AIDS research and treatment · 2020Review
- Efficacy and safety of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine for COVID-19: A comprehensive evidence synthesis of clinical, animal, and in vitro studies.Medical journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
20 authors at 12 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Immune activation associated with HIV-1 infection contributes to morbidity and mortality. We studied whether chloroquine, through Toll-like receptor (TLR) antagonist properties, could reduce immune activation thought to be driven by TLR ligands, such as gut-derived bacterial elements and HIV-1 RNAs. AIDS Clinical Trials Group A5258 was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study in 33 HIV-1-infected participants off antiretroviral therapy (ART) and 37 participants on ART. Study participants in each cohort were randomized 1:1 to receive chloroquine 250 mg orally for the first 12 weeks then cross over to placebo for 12 weeks or placebo first and then chloroquine. Combining the periods of chloroquine use in both arms of the on-ART cohort yielded a modest reduction in the proportions of CD8 T cells co-expressing CD38 and DR (median decrease = 3.0%, p = .003). The effect on immune activation in the off-ART cohort was likely confounded by increased plasma HIV-1 RNA during chloroquine administration (median 0.29 log10 increase, p < .001). Transcriptional analyses in the off-ART cohort showed decreased expression of interferon-stimulated genes in 5 of 10 chloroquine-treated participants and modest decreases in CD38 and CCR5 RNAs in all chloroquine-treated participants. Chloroquine modestly reduced immune activation in ART-treated HIV-infected participants. Clinical Trials Registry Number: NCT00819390.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.